1. Functional Music Interim Presentation Simon McNeilly Supervisors Dr. Lloyd Allison Dr. Jon McCormack

2. Outline – Aims – Music analysis – Composition of music – MIDI – Haskore – Process

3. Aims ● To define some model of musical style ● To produce a system that can – Duplicate the style of some input music – Produce new music in that style – Compare two styles – Determine how well some music fits a style

4. Musical Analysis ● Recognition of patterns – Repeating elements – How they vary ● Harmony ● Rhythms ● Dynamics

5. Style ● Part of all music ● Occurs at multiple levels – Style of a genre of music – Style of a composer ● May incorporate any of the information obtained in the analysis and more

6. Composition of Music ● The music composed should have a purpose – Explore possibilities – Be enjoyable to listen to ● Use existing music that meets this criteria as a guide ● Use an observed style

7. Composition of Music ● A well recognised work in this area is a program called EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence) – Developed by David Cope – Maintains a large database of music in a style – Uses a grammar to compose new music

8. Other Methods of Composition ● Neural Networks ● Random composition – Markov Models ● Single level ● Multiple level ● Mathematical functions

9. MIDI ● Widely accepted standard for representing music ● Large databases of freely available music

10. MIDI format ● Tracks ● Events – Musical events – Meta events ● General MIDI – Basic MIDI

11. Haskore ● Set of modules for representing music in Haskell ● Developed at Yale by Paul Hudak ● Capable of reading and writing MIDI files

12. Process ● Two parts – Analysis of existing music – Production of original Music ● A model for representing music – Will be a simplified model – Will have multiple levels

13. Analysis of Music ● Pattern recognition problem – Recognise melodies ● Can be transformed in some way – Recognise structural features ● Learn what elements commonly occur in order to use them in the composition stage

14. Composing New Music ● A matter of loosely copying what is learnt from input music – How it is structured – What intervals are common – What rhythms are used

15. Limitations ● Monophonic only (One sound at a time) ● Single Instrument ● Dynamics ignored (Volumes) ● Constant Speed and time signature assumed ● Constant key signature assumed

16. Conclusion ● Learn attributes of music like what we want to produce – From one or more input songs ● Copy and use those attributes – Repetition – Variation