1. CS 376 Paper Discussion 04/02/2009 As We May Think (Vannevar Bush) Direct Manipulation Interfaces (E.L. Hutchins, J.D. Hollan, D.A. Norman)

2. As We May Think

3. Summary  Vision to steer scientists after WW2  Main points: Information overload Methods of recording Methods of storage “Memex” As We May Think

4. Scientific Methods  “Build a system”?  What else? As We May Think

5. Then vs. Now  Recording: images? voice? Internet?  Storage: volume vs. bandwidth  Access: hub vs. crowdsourcing As We May Think

8. Direct Manipulation Interfaces

9. Summary  What underlies the feeling of directness?  Main points Distance vs. Direct Engagement Semantic vs. Articulatory distance Automated behavior vs. directness Problems with Direct Manipulation Direct Manipulation Interfaces

10. Scientific Methods  Examples: Figure 5: “water level” Page 325 (bottom) Page 329 (virtuosity) What else? Direct Manipulation Interfaces

11. Direct Manipulation Today  Modern IDEs  Eclipse, Visual Studio  Bidding “agents”  Ebay, stock market  Stability in vehicles  ESP, DSC, etc.  Voice menus Direct Manipulation Interfaces

12. Looking Forward  Linguistic interaction.  Mobile computing: Social behaviors (task space?) Rotating a photo (art. or sem. distance?)  Internet: Clicking a link (direct engagement?) Other examples of direct manipulation? Direct Manipulation Interfaces