1. Instrumentation: ground and noise Temperature Measurement

2. Grounding

3. Noise Sources and Coupling Noise sources are always present and are often impossible to eliminate completely. Sources: fluorescent light fixtures, video monitors, power suppliers, switching circuits, high voltage (current) circuits. Affect measuring circuit by: conductive coupling, capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, and radiative coupling.

4. Conductive Coupling Large current flowing through the load causes V a  V b. Solution:

5. Capacitive Coupling: Electric Field Solution: Shielding

6. Inductive Coupling: Magnetic Field Hard to eliminate: shielding and twisted-pair wire