1. Some Warm-Up Questions? How many teach business classes? –International Business. Why is learning about India relevant to you? What do you know about India? –Perceptions? –Traveled? Asia? What do you know today that you did not know on Tuesday? What Do you really want to know about India?

2. Curious About India? What is the Population of India? What Does the Dot on the forehead mean? What do they think about Americans? Why Don’t Indian’s eat beef?...or do they? What is curry? Are most marriages arranged? How do you marry someone before you even know them? What is the national language? Does everyone speak English? –Legacy of Britain What’s Cricket? What is the Caste System? About Indian Names

3. Resources for India Business and Tourism Information http://globaledge.msu.edu/countryInsights/ country.asp?countryID=181&regionID=3 www.incredibleindia.org

4. WE LIVE AND CONDUCT BUSINESS IN A DIVERSE WORLD

6. International Lodging Development and Management India Summer Program July 17 - August 16, 2007 India-Thailand- Dubai Program Leader: A.J.Singh 353-9211 Singharj@msu.edu

7. Where are We Going? RAJASTHAN

8. How Do We Get There? Dubai New Delhi Udaipur Bangkok

9. Learning Objectives To gain an appreciation of the global nature of international business. Operational differences associated with managing hotels internationally and challenges associated with developing business ventures overseas Learning the complexities associated with managing in a culture and society different from their own

10. Program Structure 30 Day Program Option of choosing from 9 credits (international specialization) –HB 460 International Lodging and Management –HB 382: International Hotel Real Estate Development –HB 490: Independent Study(Research an international Hospitality topic) Field Trips Cultural Enrichment Sessions Exposure To Management of Hotels in India

11. Simulation Game for Study Abroad Pre-departure http://gel.msu.edu/voyagebeijing.html

12. Performance of India’s Hotel Industry in The Era of Economic Reforms A Critical Assessment of The Investment and Business Climate A.J. Singh (Ph.D.) The School of Hospitality Business Michigan State University 7 th Biennial International Business Institute June 2 nd, 2007 Center for International Business Education and Research Michigan State University

13. Research: Purpose of Study The Purpose of the Present Research Study is to Analyze the Economic Reforms in India since 1991 in their role as a Catalyst of the Transformation and Performance of the Hotel Industry in India. Specifically the study will: –Identify and discuss the key features of the Economic Reforms –Analyze Drivers of Demand –Analyze Drivers of Supply –Analyze the Performance of the Hotel Industry in India –Project Future Challenges and Obstacles to Growth and Development

14. POLITICAL MAP AND MACRO ECONOMIC CRISIS 1991 Current Account Deficit: 3.2% Debt Service Payment % of Current Receipts: 35% Foreign Exchange Reserves: Down to 21/2 months Imports ($1 billion) Short term debt: 147% of ForEx reserves Inflation: 17% GDP Growth:0.4% Economic Situation 1991: Possibility of Default on short term loans and down grading of India’s credit rating. In short The Country faced a Fiscal and Economic Crisis

15. Economic Reforms: Structural Changes Driving Growth Progressively more sectors opened to private investment. Encouraged Foreign Direct Investment with equity stake Reduction in Red Tape and Regulations Industry license requirements( barriers to entry) reduced to encourage competition. Trade Policy liberalized. Capital Market Reforms

16. WHAT’S DRIVING PERFORMANCE? THE DEMAND STORY

17. Growth in India’s Service Sector- Post Economic Reform Era (1991)

18. It’s the Indian Economy Population: 1.1Billion GDP: $691 Billion (10th largest economy) (USA: $11.7 trillion) GDP Growth: 7.7% (2004-05) and 8.4% (2005-06) GDP Per head: $728 (1991:?) CPI: 4.2% GDP Origins: Agri:21.5% Manufacturing:16% Services: 51% (expected to be 60% for 2005-06) Foreign Exchange Reserves; $158billion FDI Flows 2004: $5 Billion (1991:$98 Million) Stock Market Capitalization: $553 Billion (17th) 274% increase 2000-05 Exports: $89 Billion Economy Fueled by: India Global IT services, Growth in Financial Services, Tourism Sector, Construction and Manufacturing. Future Growth Fueled by: Services, international trade, aviation, retail, commercial real estate, ITes, telcom, insurance, financial services, hotels.

19. Impact of Economy on Demand Growth in Middle Class –Discretionary Income: –Propensity to Travel –More sophisticated traveler –Impacting Leisure travel Growth of Domestic Businesses –Increase in Individual Business Travel –Increase in Meeting and Convention travel –Increase in Incentive Travel Growth of International Business Presence –Increase in international business traveler

20. Market Potential Index Most Market Potential Index High (Based on ranking 24 emerging nations) –Size: Rank-2 Urban population (million) –Growth: Rank-8 Real GDP growth rate (%) –Intensity:Rank:18 Private consumption as a percentage of GDP (%) –Consumption: Rank: 7 Percentage share of middle-class in consumption/income Primary Driver: Growing Middle Class Market –Increasing urbanization –Explosive growth electronic media: changes lifestyle and consumption attitudes –More emphasis on higher education –Transition from joint to nuclear families –Impact of western lifestyle, customs and leisure and recreation preferences –Easing Foreign Exchange resulting more international trips: higher expectations –Consumerism fueled by cheaper consumer finance

21. Key Tourism Statistics

22. Additional Factors Fueling Tourism Demand Deregulation of Civil Aviation Industry –Growth Domestic Airlines –Privatization of Airports –Open Sky Policies Aggressive Marketing Campaign: “Incredible India” CAAG growth in Domestic Tourism of 17% from 1991- 2004 CAAG growth of International Tourism 10% from 2001- 2004 –Business Travelers based on Multinationals: Business Confidence Index positive –Increase in Pan-Asia travel connectivity –Increase in Flights to India

23. MAJOR HOTEL COMPANIES: INDIA

25. WHAT’S DRIVING PERFORMANCE? THE SUPPLY STORY

26. Foreign Direct Investment Trends Foreign Direct Investment: –1990: $162 Million –1992:$315 Million –1999: $2.2 Billion –2004: $4.5 Billion FDI steadily increased as investment regime progressively liberalized with less restrictions. –Fewer restricted industries –Easing of investment process –Removal of Investment Caps and Repatriation

28. Construction Sector Reforms February 2005 Central Government Allows 100% Foreign Direct Investment in construction sector: –Hotels –Resort –Hospitals –Recreation –Educational Institutions –Hospitals –Regional Infrastructure Approval process streamlined with minimum hassles.

29. Relationship Between FDI and Sector Growth

30. Impetus for Exports: IT and ITes sectors New Multi-product/product specific an specialized SEZ’s: Clusters such as: Infor-tech- gems-jewelry-bio technology

31. Financial Services Reforms Banking Reforms : Privatization of banking with growth in consumer credit Growth of International banking institutions in India Capital Market Reforms : Capital Markets maturing Regulatory agencies similar to SEC for investor protection Growth in private sector mutual fund industry Growth in Foreign Institutional investors driven by liquid and deep stock market with promise of high returns (FII investment $45 billion 2005) Non-banking financial intermediary Reforms : Insurance sector privatized with major global insurance companies entering India Insurance Premiums for 2005 approximately $70 billion Growth in Venture Capital and Private Equity Funds

32. Investment Flows India: Private Equity

33. Government Incentives for Tourism Industry Reduction of expenditure tax for upscale hotels Government classifies hotels as “infrastructure.” –Assist with financing –Lowers financing rates –Income tax benefits Government’s stated priority for tourism infrastructure: –Roads –Airports –Convention Centers

34. Hotel Development :Incentives Incentives (Provided by State Governments) Exemption of Luxury Tax and Sales Tax for 5-7 Years for new Projects Government Programs for Interest free loans Small capital subsidy for the development of budget hotels Below market rate allotment of land controlled by State for development projects. Provision of electricity a lower than market cost. Incentives (Provided by Central Government) Elimination of Customs Duty for Import of raw materials, equipment, liquor etc. Capital subsidy program for budget hotels Hotels are now, “Infrastructure status.” which allows them access to term loans at lower rates of interest

35. Hotel Development: Barriers Corruption and multi-level bureaucracy Government Regulations, licenses and approval process onerous. –Over 65 Approvals and licenses required for hotel project development. –This makes consultants and lawyers profession happy but developer/investor, not so happy!

36. Business Environment India ParameterSub Parameters usedIndia ScoreOECD Average Starting a BusinessNumber of Procedures11 steps6 steps Hiring and Firing Workers Difficulty of hiring index3326.2 Registering Property Number of procedures64 Getting creditCost to create collateral (% of income per capita) 11.35.2 Protecting investors Disclosure index45.6 Enforcing contractsNumber of procedures4019 Closing of businessTime in years101.7

37. SUMMARY AND HIGH LIGHTS: HOTEL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: INDIA

38. Introduction of New Lodging Concepts Boutique Hotels (New Consumer) Serviced Apartments (driver: outsourcing/consultant short stays) Timeshare (Increase in leisure travel) Adventure based Eco-Resorts Spas (Wellness) Medical Tourism

39. MEDI TOURISM: NEW GROWTH PRODUCT

40. EXISTING AND PROPOSED DISTRIBUTION TO HOTEL SUPPLY IN INDIA

41. PRIMARY DRIVERS OF GROWTH IN THE INDIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY

42. LODGING INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE STORY

43. PERFORMANCE OF HOTELS IN INDIA 1998-2005

44. CRITICAL FACTORS TO DRIVE FUTURE GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE

45. What Will Drive Performance and Growth in the Future? Government’s continuation of liberalization Policies to attract FDI Making Tourism a Priority Sector Improve Intersectoral communication and integration between Central, State, and related departments Major Investments in General Infrastructure and Tourism Infrastructure: –Air transportation –Roads –Telecommunication Availability of land for development and associated regulations Further reduction in barriers to start and operate businesses Consistent Marketing Campaign Improve Sanitation and Hygiene standards Increase investment incentives and tax holidays Availability of Trained Personnel