1. SCHEDULE

2. From Last Week: Example In this project, the ‘source’ cells are the last segments of the roads leading to the mill: Roads#=223 & Roads#=256 What is the skidding cost in $/mbf/ft if the average skidding cost is $30/mbf for a setting with an average skidding distance of 500’ Map skidding costs using this single cost everywhere across the landscape (no roads). Add roads with an appropriate truck haul cost, and rerun. Recalculate skidding costs assuming skidding costs increase linearally from $30/mbf for flat topography to $60/mbf for 40% slopes. Rerun haul.

3. From Last Week: (continued) Revise cost grid to prohibit skidding (but not truck haul) across streams. Soil erosion increases with soil disturbance. For each cell, calculate its traffic volume (number of cells that are accessed by skidding/driving over that cell). Which non- road cells get the most traffic? Should we add a road there? We might want to eliminate some of our road density. Identify and eliminate the road segments that carry the least traffic. By how much does this increase transport costs, averaged over the planning area?

4. MIDTERM 2 In class, 1/3 pictures, 2/3 short answer Field trip attendees, makeup on Friday. Take home, due Tuesday (five days!). Perhaps, write report as you work. Study group 3pm Tuesday, Spit lab. Exams do not include new stuff from today’s lecture.

5. OUTLINE Habitat Delineation Total Habitat Areas Habitat Blocks Edges Interiors Migration Paths Foraging Distance

6. HABITAT DELINEATION Define species specific habitat stand age species stream proximity road aversion elevation

7. Example We might classify stands by age 1. Stand initiation (say, 0-10 years) 2. Stem Exclusion (say, 10-40 years) 3. Understory reinitiation (40-100 years) 4. Old Growth (say, >100 years) Reclassify the gridded HJ Andrews stand cover

8. TOTAL AREAS How much is there of each habitat? ([value].ZonalStats(#GRID_STATYPE_MEAN, [zone], Prj.MakeNull, [zone].GetVTab.FindField("Value"), FALSE)) EXAMPLE: Identify total areas of each stand class. Identify fraction of the total area in each stand class.

9. BLOCKS The size of contiguous habitat blocks can be important. Unconnected blocks of the same kind can be identified separately aGrid.RegionGroup(noDiagNbrs, crossClass, excludedValue) EXAMPLE: Identify the size of each contiguous block of equal stand age class.

10. EDGES Edges can be areas of high diversity aGrid.FocalStats (aGridStaTypeEnum, aNbrHood, noData) EXAMPLE: Identify the distance from the center of each cell to the nearest block edge.

11. INTERIORS Interior areas can also be important to species that are averse to the other stand type. EXAMPLE: Identify interior spaces as those at least 150’ from the nearest block edge.

12. MIGRATION PATHS Migration paths can be identified by: 1. Cost distance function 2. Weighting by issues 3. Source one edge EXAMPLE What is the cost for animals to move from the north edge, assuming a cost proportional to slope. Add an cost of 1000 per age 1 or 2 cell

13. FORAGING DISTANCE Instead of moving across the map, we can apply the same techniques to consider the cost of moving between nesting and foraging areas. Identify old growth areas >150’ from an edge as nesting areas. Use an equal weighted cost grid. Identify age class 1&2 as foraging area and