1. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Dr. Heiko Maaß Institut für Angewandte Informatik Noninvasive Measurement of Elastic Properties of Living Tissue Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Technik und Umwelt

2. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Quantitative evaluation of diagnostical results Quantification of tissue mechanics Monitoring of healing processes Mechanical properties in medicine Detection of hardenings or softenings (palpation) Introduction

3. Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary The 'Karlsruhe Endoscopic Trainer' simulation of elastic tissue product design biophysics accident research Application of mechanical tissue parameters Introduction

4. Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Elastography Sonoelastic Imaging Strain Imaging Magnetic Resonance Elastography State of the art 10-1000 Hz vibration deformation measurement using Ultrasound or MR-tomography Introduction

5. Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Theory Christoffel-equation: restricted to soft tissue (no bone or cartilage) Phenomenological model general approach

6. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary incompressible non-linear anisotrop viscous temperature dependent inhomogeneous plastic Theory dependent on metabolism, innervation and perfusion liver 1mm Mechanical properties of biological tissue

7. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Theory Acoustical properties of biological tissue velocity of sound damping a: penetration depth b: lateral resolution c: axial resolution soft tissuebone, cartilagegases 1000 2000 30000 4000 m/s penetration depth in cm resolution in mm sound frequency in MHz  ~ f a b c

8. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Methods tt ss Non-invasive testing principle

9. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Experiments F US Pos F C = 1540 m/s   Testing devices

10. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary 1 2 3 Results compressive strain  d compressive stress in MPa compressive strain  d compressive stress in MPa Evaluation of the experimental series regression analysis 2: parametric regression 3: general regression 1: origin tangential gradient correlation analysis

11. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary origin gradient in MPa (compression) 00,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,8 Results sound speed in m/s fat (soft) fat (harder) liver spleen heart muscle kidney fat liver spleen kidney 14001420144014601480150015201540156015801600 post mortem intra vitam Ranges of sound speed and origin gradient

12. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Application stress  strain  t 0,51,00 tension compression -0,5 -1,0 F(s) Simulation of soft biological tissue

13. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Development of new non-invasive methods of testing Usage of curve approximations in complex simulations Phenomenological model is not quantifiable Non-invasive differenciation of fat is possible Curve shapes are specific to the tissue kind Curves are independent on stress velocity Measurement of tissue parameters intra vitam Comparison to tisssue properties post mortem Simulation of the propagation of sound Development and employment of testing devices

14. Introduction Theory Methods Experiments Results Application Summary Thank you for paying attention