1. Collective motion of birds and locusts David J. T. Sumpter Department of Mathematics Uppsala University

9. Are there simple behavioural rules which explain all these very different outcomes?

10. How the two birds x and y change position:

13. β=1 β=0.98

14. Does distance between established routes explain these very different outcomes?

16. a c b C 2 C 1 C 4 C 3 W 1 W 2 W 3 W 5 W 6 W 4 G 5 G 2 G 12 G 6 G 7 G 9 G 8 G 3 G 1 G 11 G 10 G 4 Dominance Hierarchy

17. Proportion improvement in paired flight by singly more efficient bird Proportion improvement in paired flight by singly less efficient bird dcdc

20. 1D self-propelled particles Position: Velocity: Czirok, Vicsek et al. (1999)

21. 1D self-propelled particles Position: Velocity: Time SpaceTime Average direction

22. 1D self-propelled particles Position: Velocity: Time SpaceTime Average direction

23. 1D self-propelled particles Position: Velocity: Time SpaceTime Average direction

24. 1D self-propelled particles Particle Density Average Direction

28. Model vs data

30. Collective vs individual motion 0 – 60 minutes 60 – 180 minutes Treatment Control

31. High density treatment

32. Control experiments

33. Alignment Activity (moving locusts)

34. Activity vs Alignment

35. Some conclusions Activity is the key parameter in predicting alignment in locusts. Degree of conflict is the key parameter in predicting compromise in pigeons. In both cases there is a sharp transition from one type of behaviour as this parameter is changed.

36. Collective Animal Behaviour www.collective-behavior.com

37. Collective Animal Behaviour www.collective-behavior.com

38. Collective Animal Behaviour www.collective-behavior.com

39. Collective Animal Behaviour www.collective-behavior.com

40. Collective Animal Behaviour www.collective-behavior.com

41. References Biro, D., Sumpter, D. J. T., Meade, J. & Guildford, T. (2006) From compromise to leadership in pigeon homing, Current Biology, 2006 16: 2123-2128. Buhl, J., Sumpter, D. J. T., Couzin, I. D., Hale, J. J., Despland, E., Miller, E. & Simpson, S. J. (2006) From disorder to order in locust marching, Science, 312, 1402 - 1406.. Yates, C., Erban, R., Escudero, C., Couzin, I. D.,Buhl, J., Kevrekedis, I., Maini, P. K., Sumpter, D. J. T. (2009) Inherent noise can facilitate coherence in collective swarm motion, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, almost accepted. Hale, J. J. (2008) Automated tracking of locusts and humans, DPhil thesis, University of Oxford. Sumpter, D. J. T., Krause, J. James, R., Couzin, I. D. and Ward A. J. W (2008) Consensus decision-making by fish, Current Biology, 18, 1773–1777. Ward, A. J. W., Sumpter, D. J. T., Couzin, I. D., Hart, P. J. B. and Krause, J. (2008) Quorum decision-making facilitates information transfer in fish shoals Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, 6948-6953. Sumpter, D. J. T. (2006) The principles of collective animal behaviour, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London: Series B, 361, 5-22. Webpage: http://www.math.uu.se/~david/web/