1. Metabolism The sum of all chemical reactions within the living cells

2. Anabolism Building new structures Requires energy Smaller molecules  larger molecules Catabolism Breakdown of substances release of energy Larger molecule  smaller molecules

3. Nutrient Pool Source of substrates : amino acids, lipids, sugars, vitamins, minerals Stored in the liver, and delivered to all tissues/cells via blood

4. Cells produce energy in the mitochondria

5. Metabolic Rate Total amount of energy produced and used by the body per unit of time Daily input of energy should be equivalent to the metabolic expenditure If too low will cause weight loss [ negative energy balance] If too high will cause weight gain [positive energy balance]

6. Metabolic Energy Use Basal Metabolic Energy [BMR] – energy needed to maintain resting body functions Thermic Effect of Food [TEF]– energy needed to digest and ingest nutrients – accounts for ~10% of daily energy needs Muscular Activity – energy needed to perform all functions above BMR – accounts for ~30% of daily energy needs

7. Basal Metabolic Rate Roughly 1 kcal/kgBW/hr for men and 0.9 kcal/kgBW/hr for women Example: 130 lb woman 1.Convert lb to kg 130 / 2.2 = 59 kg 2. Multiply 59 kg x 0.9 kcal/hr x 24 hrs = 1274 kcals/day Example: 170 lb man – 170/2.2 =77.2 kg 77.2 kg x 1.0 kcal/hr x 24 hrs = 1852.8 kcals/day