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Electric currents Physics 100 Chapt 13 (Motion of electric charges)
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Alessandro Volta
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Positive Ions _ _ _ _ + + + + + Atoms with one or more electrons removed ”net” charge = + 2q e _ _ _ _
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Battery C Zn Zn ++ - Zn ++ - Zn ++ - + Zn ++ - + Zn - + acid
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“Voltage” Anode + Cathode - - - - - - E Zn ++ F + + - - - W = Fd dF = 2q e E W = 2q e Ed W 0 = 2q e E 0 d =E 0 d W 0 2q e V “Voltage”
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Anode + Cathode - - - - - - F=QE 0 + + - - - W = Fd E0E0 Q F=QE 0 Q =Q E 0 d = QV d Zn ++ Energy gained by the charge
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Units again! W = Q V V = WQWQ joules coulombs joules coulomb = Volt 1 V = 1 joule coulomb
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Continuous charge flow = “electric current” Anode + Cathode - - - - - - + + - - - Zn ++ QQ Electrical “conductor” connected between anode & cathode
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electric current Anode + Cathode - - - - - - + + - - - Zn ++ QQ I = Q t Units: Coulombs second =Amperes
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The conductor can be a piece of wire Anode + Cathode - - - - - - + + - - - Zn ++ I = Q t + + +
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The energy can be used to run a gadget Anode + Cathode - - - - - - + + - - - Zn ++ P= Energy time + + + QV t == I V I I I
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Electric light 60 Watts I=? T Power = P = I V I = PVPV = 60 W 100V = 0.6 J/s J/C = 0.6 1/s 1/C = 0.6 CsCs = 0.6 A V=100V
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General circuit 12V + - Appliance + - Energy source (device that separates + & - charge) I I
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analogy Height ~ voltage Pump ~ battery Amt of water flow ~ current appliance pond pump
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