1. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Carbon Capture and Sequestration Analysis of Options WESTCARB Annual Meeting October 28, 2004 David Cheng MIT

2. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Our Role in WESTCARB Help integrate dataHelp integrate data  Store data on consistent basis  Easily display data in various combinations  Perform queries and simple manipulations Perform analysesPerform analyses  e.g., Cost estimation, source/sink matching  Initial screening to help identify potential projects

3. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT CO 2 Sequestration: Overview Capture Transport Storage Economic Evaluation of CO2 Storage and Sink Enhancement Options (TVA Report to DOE) Source: Economic Evaluation of CO2 Storage and Sink Enhancement Options (TVA Report to DOE)

4. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT GIS Models for Geological Carbon Sequestration CO 2 Capture Cost ModelCO 2 Capture Cost Model  Provided by SFA Pacific CO 2 Storage Capacity ModelCO 2 Storage Capacity Model CO 2 Injectivity and Injection Cost ModelCO 2 Injectivity and Injection Cost Model CO 2 Transportation Cost ModelCO 2 Transportation Cost Model Source-Reservoir Matching ModelSource-Reservoir Matching Model

5. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT CO 2 Storage Capacity Model Aquifer reservoirAquifer reservoir  Q = storage capacity of entire aquifer (MtCO 2 )  V = total volume of entire aquifer (km 3 )  p = reservoir porosity (%)  e = storage efficiency (%)  p CO2 = CO 2 density (kg/m 3 ) Required Reservoir Data:Required Reservoir Data:  Geographical Extent and Thickness  Reservoir Porosity  Reservoir Pressure and Temperature (may be estimated from depth)

6. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT CO 2 Injectivity Model User Controlled Inputs: CO 2 flow rate Downhole injection pressure Reservoir Characteristics: Depth Thickness Permeability Pressure Temperature Intermediate Calculations: CO 2 viscosity CO 2 mobility CO 2 injectivity rate per well Final Output: # of injection wells

7. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Injection Cost Estimation Capital Cost: Site screening Well drilling Injection equipment O&M Cost: Normal daily expense Surface maintenance Subsurface maintenance Consumables # of wells Capital Charge Rate Annual CO 2 injection cost CO 2 flow rate CO 2 injection cost $ /ton

8. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT CO 2 Transportation Cost Model Pipeline DiameterPipeline Diameter  D = f (CO 2 flow rate) Lowest-Cost Pipeline Route SelectionLowest-Cost Pipeline Route Selection  Existing right-of-way  Land use and land cover  River crossing  Railroad/road crossing  Population density  Slope Pipeline Construction and O&M CostPipeline Construction and O&M Cost

9. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Lowest-Cost Pipeline Route Selection

10. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Source-Reservoir Matching One-to-one matchingOne-to-one matching  For a given CO 2 source, identify CO 2 reservoir(s) that minimize the total transport and injection cost under the capacity constraint Many (sources) to one (reservoir) matchingMany (sources) to one (reservoir) matching  Sharing pipeline  Minimize the total cost of the sub-system under the capacity constraint Many-to-many matchingMany-to-many matching  System analysis that considers capture, transport, and storage costs subject to capacity constraints

11. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Example: Many-to-One Matching

12. David Cheng/Carbon Management GIS, LFEE, MIT Some Key Outstanding Issues Missing data (e.g., permeability)Missing data (e.g., permeability) Reservoir capacity calculation methodology not well defined. We basically calculate “available pore space” and apply an empirical “storage efficiency factor”Reservoir capacity calculation methodology not well defined. We basically calculate “available pore space” and apply an empirical “storage efficiency factor” Little data exists on seal characteristics of reservoirLittle data exists on seal characteristics of reservoir