1. Garbage !! Everyone produces waste the USA alone produces 11 billion tons of solid waste a year.

2. Types of Waste Municipal Solid Waste - generated by residential and commercial sources –food waste - glass –fabric-wood –paper-appliances –plastics- furniture –metal - auto parts

3. Types of Waste Hazardous waste - generated by residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sources –household cleaners … bleach, ammonia –outdated medicine –automotive products … oil, brake fluid, batteries –paint products … enamel, oil based paint, thinner –photographic chemicals –pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers

4. Types of Garbage Industrial waste - broken into lots of categories –food products … meats, fat, oils, bones, offal … –furniture … wood, sawdust, plastic, glass, metal –paper products … paper, fiber, chemicals, inks –leather products … scraps, thread, dye, curing –electrical … metal, carbon, glass, rubber, resins

5. Types of Garbage Radioactive waste - generated by the power industry, the government, and research laboratories

6. Distribution of MSW Residential and commercial ~62 % –excluding hazardous and special Special (yard waste, batteries, bulky) ~ 5% Hazardous ~ 0.1% Industrial ~ 3.4% Construction ~ 14% Municipal Services ~ 9.5% Treatment plant sludge ~ 6.0%

7. an American generates about 4.3 pounds of solid trash per day

8. Originally people could simply dump their waste into an open pit or the ocean etc. Two basic reasons why this doesn’t work anymore 1.Volume of waste produced 2.Types of waste produced –non-biodegradable –toxic / hazardous

10. What do we do with all this waste ? Landfills Incineration Recycling

11. Landfills A landfill is a specially designed facility for the burial of municipal solid waste. They are designed in such a way that leachates, cannot leak down through the soil into the water table. leachates - water percolating through landfills produces leachate, which usually contains undesirable or toxic chemicals

12. Landfills Landfills are lined with a layer of clay-like soil at the bottom of the landfill. The next layer up is a synthetic lining, usually made of plastic. All remaining layers alternate between soil and garbage.

13. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sanitary landfill Figure 13.3 13-2

14. MSW Landfill

19. Trash is compacted into cells which contain only one days trash. Cells are arranged in rows and layers, called lifts

21. Storm runoff from a landfill must be contained

22. Drainage ditches run along the base of the landfill. The black pipe is part of the gas collection system.

23. Runoff is stored in lined ponds and tested before being treated and/or released

24. Leachate is directed into a standing pond where solids are allowed to settle and the liquid is tested and treated.

25. Methane and other gases are generated in landfills and must be safely vented, flared off or collected.

26. Once the landfill is full it is capped and grass or other plants are introduced

27. Groundwater around the landfill must be monitored even after the landfill is closed.

29. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Waste incinerator Figure 13.5 13-4

30. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Municipal waste disposal Figure 13.4 13-3