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Myxopterus Devonian invertebrate Predator That potentially preyed on ostracoderms
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Evolution of jaws from pharyngeal (gill) arches
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Hyostylic- Palatoquadrate loosely bound to cranium, Jaw angle supported by hyoid See Fig 5-5 Autostylic palatoquadrate fused to cranium
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Hyostylic Jaw at work!
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Evolution of paired appendages
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Chondrichthyes = Holocephalans = ratfish, chimaera Fig 5-9 Autostylic
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Elasmobranchs – “plate gills” sharks, rays skates
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Hypotreme skates and rays Fig 5-8 Pleurotreme sharks Fig 5-4
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Holocephali Neoselachiii Squalimorphs Galeomorphs Batoidea Chondrichthyean evolutionary relationships
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Cladoselache Hybodus Carcharodon 3 major evolutionary radiations – what was trend? Fig 5-1, 5-2, 5-3
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Shark skin - scales and teeth dermal derivatives
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Cartilaginous vertebral column with neural and hemal arches and some calcification. Notochord is replaced Trunk vertebra (no hemal arch)
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Sensory Systems and Feeding
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Olfaction – a flow-through nostril! “smell blood from a kilometer away!”
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Touch – water movement via Lateral Line See Figure 4-4
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Vision Large eyes with tapetum and nictitating membrane
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Electrical – Ampulla of Lorenzini See Fig 4-7 understand Fig 4-8 experiment
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Shark brain size Body mass Brain mass Birds Mammals Sharks Fish
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Reproduction – internal fertilization with claspers on male pelvic fins Fig 5-6 Oviparous Ovoviparous or Viviparous
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“ Japanese marine park captures rare shark on film ” Ancient??
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