1. Technological Evolution Reverse Engineering the Human Brain Pete, Steve, Malaya, Craig, Binu‏

2. Six Epochs of Evolution Epoch-1 Physics and Chemistry – Atomic molecules Epoch-2 Biology/Information in DNA Epoch-3 Brains/Information in neural patterns Epoch-4 Technology/Information in hardware and software Epoch-5 Merger of Technology and Human Intelligence Epoch-6 The Universe Awakens – mater and energy in the universe become saturated with intelligent process and knowledge

3. The Singularity is Near “I set the date for the singularity repressing a profound and disruptive transformation in human capability – as 2045. The non biological intelligence created in that year will be one billion more powerful than all human intelligence today” Kurzweil What is the Singularity?

4. Law of Accelerating Returns

6. Historical Context 20 th century progress is equivalent to last 20 years of 2000, the next 20 in 14years, and the next in 7years – Stone tools, fire, wheel took 10,000 years – Printing press took a 100 years to be adopted – First computer designed with pencil on paper ~50 – Human genome took 13 yrs vast % towards the latter years

7. Evolution Advanced mammals add 1cubic inch of brain matter every 100K years Doubling computational capacity every year Doubling/Halving Times Dynamic RAM Feature size5.4 years Dynamic RAM (bits per dollar)1.5 Average Transistor Price1.6 Microprocessor Costs per Transistor Cycle1.1 Total Bits Shipped1.1 Processor performance in MIPS1.8 Transistors in Intel Microprocessor2.0 Microprocessor Clock Speed3.0 Software efficiency6.0

8. Kurzweils Timeline Timeline: The Future According to Ray Kurzweil (JANUARY 09, 2006 Computer World article) 2010: Computers become invisible 2013: Human brain functional simulation 2020: $1k buys a computer working at 10 quadrillion, or 10 16, calculations per second. (Human brain functional simulation) 2025: Computer are able to simulate the entire human brain. (Neural Upload) 2030: Non-biological intelligence matches human intelligence in range and subtlety; $1k buys a computer 1,000 times more powerful than the human brain. 2045: The point of "singularity" is reached, when technical progress is so fast that unenhanced human intelligence can't follow it. One can no longer distinguish between our biology and our technology. 2050: Computing will exceed the processing power of all humans on Earth for $1k 22nd century: Our intelligence, biological and non-biological combined, saturates the matter and energy around us and begins to spread throughout the universe.

9. The Human Brain Hardware – 10 14 - 10 16 cps – 10 13 – 10 18 bits of memory Software – Human Genome consists of 800 million bytes : remove the redundancy 10 9 Hardware Advancement – 3 x 10 15 cps (Blue Gene/p) – 10 12 ( accessible in 14 nano- seconds) Quantum dots 1 sq inch. Software – MS Word >10 9 Human Brain achieves 3 dimensional processing via folding

10. Software Developments Audio sensory software Neural networks, Genetic algorithms Retina Implant software Mouse brain mapped – Identified brain cancer (giloma) gene

11. Computational Developments IBM Blue Gene /P 3 petaflops (3 x 10 15 cps) – Original design and estimate for 1 petaflop Speed of light may not be a constant Quantum Computing – Dr. Frank

12. Innovations Nanotechnology – “We are helping the military shorten its supply lines by increasing the thermal performance of its tents by reducing diesel needs by 30%” DNA Computing 6.6 x 10 14 cps Self Assembly Computing with Spin

13. Technical Barriers to Breach Deep brain Scanning - Mapping neural activity – 4 yr $55 million effort to build 3 dimensional Mapping the Visual cortex functional 3 Dimensional processing AI Turing test – “Turing test will be limited to controlling avatars in a virtual world--probably Second Life” Fall 2008 IBM Blue Gene

14. Bibliography/Reading List http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main= /articles/art0534.html http://www.kurzweilai.net/meme/frame.html?main= /articles/art0534.html http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0465.html?pri ntable=1 http://www.kurzweilai.net/articles/art0465.html?pri ntable=1 http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?c ommand=printArticleBasic&articleId=107494 http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?c ommand=printArticleBasic&articleId=107494 http://www- 03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21791.wss http://www- 03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21791.wss

15. Further Research Network traffic efficiency maximized by emulating the neural networks Shrinking Technology lifecycle Intelligence awakening of the universe and historical research vs. ancient Hindu texts on Nirvana ‘Universe Intelligent’

16. Companies http://www.apinanotronics.com/ IBM [IBM], Hewlett-Packard [HPQ], ChevronTexaco, [CVX] and DuPont [DD] http://www.aerogel.com/ http://www.nanoterra.com http://www.nanosolar.com