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Figure 25.0 Fossil of a fish: perch
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Figure 25.1 A gallery of fossils
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Figure 25.1a Dinosaur National Monument
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Figure 25.1b Skulls of Australopithecus and Homo erectus
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Figure 25.1c Petrified trees
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Figure 25.1d Leaf impression
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Figure 25.1e Ammonite
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Figure 25.1f Dinosaur tracks
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Figure 25.1g Scorpion in amber
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Figure 25.1h Mammoth tusks
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Figure 25.1x1 Sedimentary deposit
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Figure 25.1x2 Barosaurus
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Table 25.1 The Geologic Time Scale
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Figure 25.2 Radiometric dating
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Figure 25.3 Earth’s crustal plates and plate tectonics (geologic processes resulting from plate movements)
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Figure 25.3x1 Crustal plate boundaries
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Figure 25.3x2 San Andreas fault
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Figure 25.4 The history of continental drift
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Figure 25.5 Diversity of life and periods of mass extinction
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Figure 25.6 Trauma for planet Earth and its Cretaceous life
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Figure 25.6x Chicxulub crater
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Figure 25.7 Hierarchical classification
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Figure 25.8 The connection between classification and phylogeny
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Unnumbered Figure (page 494) Cladograms
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Figure 25.9 Monophyletic versus paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups
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Figure 25.10 Convergent evolution and analogous structures
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Figure 25.11 Constructing a cladogram
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Figure 25.12 Cladistics and taxonomy
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Figure 25.13 Aligning segments of DNA
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Figure 25.14 Simplified versions of a four-species problem in phylogenetics
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Figure 25.15a Parsimony and molecular systematics
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Figure 25.15b Parsimony and molecular systematics (Layer 1)
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Figure 25.15b Parsimony and molecular systematics (Layer 2)
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Figure 25.15b Parsimony and molecular systematics (Layer 3)
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Figure 25.16 Parsimony and the analogy-versus-homology pitfall
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Figure 25.17 Dating the origin of HIV-1 M with a molecular clock
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Figure 25.18 Modern systematics is shaking some phylogenetic trees
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Figure 25.19 When did most major mammalian orders originate?
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