A-1 Appendix A Information System Hardware www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University.

A-1 Appendix A Information System Hardware www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-2 Computer Hardware Equipment Categories Input The act of entering information into a computer using a device that is best suited for the format of the data (i.e. a keyboard for character information) Input The act of entering information into a computer using a device that is best suited for the format of the data (i.e. a keyboard for character information) Processing Transforming inputs into outputs by use of highly specialized computer components that are integrated to communicate with input and output devices Processing Transforming inputs into outputs by use of highly specialized computer components that are integrated to communicate with input and output devices Output The act of receiving information from a computer using the device that best suits the application (i.e. a printer for a memo) Output The act of receiving information from a computer using the device that best suits the application (i.e. a printer for a memo)

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-4 Input Needs and Devices Pointing and Selecting These devices come in many shapes, sizes and styles including: mice, light pens, touch pads, touch screens, joysticks, etc., and are used for many applications from drafting documents to online gaming Pointing and Selecting These devices come in many shapes, sizes and styles including: mice, light pens, touch pads, touch screens, joysticks, etc., and are used for many applications from drafting documents to online gaming Entering Text and Numbers The keyboard is the primary entry device for this requirement. Ergonomic versions have been created to minimize repetitive stress injuries Entering Text and Numbers The keyboard is the primary entry device for this requirement. Ergonomic versions have been created to minimize repetitive stress injuries Entering Batch Data The most common device for this is the scanner used in conjunction with optical character recognition (OCR) software that can convert text into digital data quickly. Other techniques are optical mark recognition, barcode readers, magnetic ink character readers, etc. Entering Batch Data The most common device for this is the scanner used in conjunction with optical character recognition (OCR) software that can convert text into digital data quickly. Other techniques are optical mark recognition, barcode readers, magnetic ink character readers, etc.

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-6 Input Needs and Devices Entering Audio Sound is digitized when stored and processed on a computer and generally comes in two categories Voice Input – this is done by speaking into a microphone and can be made very powerful when coupled with voice recognition software enabling voice conversion to text or other forms Other Audio – this is done through connecting a computer to other audio transfer devices (e.g. musical instrument digital transfer (MIDI)) Entering Audio Sound is digitized when stored and processed on a computer and generally comes in two categories Voice Input – this is done by speaking into a microphone and can be made very powerful when coupled with voice recognition software enabling voice conversion to text or other forms Other Audio – this is done through connecting a computer to other audio transfer devices (e.g. musical instrument digital transfer (MIDI)) Smart Cards A special kind of credit card with a magnetic strip, microprocessor, or memory circuits that can be used for many applications and is resistant to tampering Smart Cards A special kind of credit card with a magnetic strip, microprocessor, or memory circuits that can be used for many applications and is resistant to tampering

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-7 Input Needs and Devices Entering Video Images are digitized and stored in both still and moving formats or “streaming video”. A number of devices can be used for this purpose Entering Video Images are digitized and stored in both still and moving formats or “streaming video”. A number of devices can be used for this purpose Still Images These images are generally entered from digital cameras, devices that can read digital camera cards or chips, or CDs generated at the time of film camera processing Still Images These images are generally entered from digital cameras, devices that can read digital camera cards or chips, or CDs generated at the time of film camera processing Streaming Video and Streaming Media Steaming video images contain only video, while streaming media combine both audio and video. Images can be entered into a computer using VCR’s, video cameras, DVD, Web cams, etc.. These are extremely large files due to the dense nature of the video content Streaming Video and Streaming Media Steaming video images contain only video, while streaming media combine both audio and video. Images can be entered into a computer using VCR’s, video cameras, DVD, Web cams, etc.. These are extremely large files due to the dense nature of the video content

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-9 Processing The role of processing in a computer system is to translate inputs into outputs. This is done through a combination of language and system components Language Computers speak a language called binary or “machine language” which consists of 0s & 1s Language Computers speak a language called binary or “machine language” which consists of 0s & 1s System Unit The physical box that houses all of the working electronic components of the computer System Unit The physical box that houses all of the working electronic components of the computer

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-10 Processing – Language Binary or Machine Language The language that all computers use IT is expressed in 0s or 1s only (see below) Binary utilizes Base-2 math to convert from normal characters to binary code (e.g. A = 0100 0001 in binary) Binary or Machine Language The language that all computers use IT is expressed in 0s or 1s only (see below) Binary utilizes Base-2 math to convert from normal characters to binary code (e.g. A = 0100 0001 in binary) A = 0100 0001 Bit A single 0 or 1 Bit A single 0 or 1 Byte (8 bits) Makes up one character Byte (8 bits) Makes up one character Binary ExampleHow a Computer Uses it

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-11 Processing – Language Binary Example Example – ASCII Binary Types of Binary Micro Computers ASCII - 8 bit Extended – 8 bit Mainframe Computers EBCIDIC – 8 bit Other Types Unicode – 16 bit (used for international languages) Types of Binary Micro Computers ASCII - 8 bit Extended – 8 bit Mainframe Computers EBCIDIC – 8 bit Other Types Unicode – 16 bit (used for international languages)

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-14 Processing – The System Unit The System Unit The physical box that houses all of the working electronic components of the computer The System Unit The physical box that houses all of the working electronic components of the computer Components Support – electronic equipment to run the machine Central Processing Unit (CPU) – the primary processor in a computer Primary Storage – temporary and permanent storage used by the computer to operate Secondary Storage – longer-term storage for data Ports and Slots – mechanisms to connect devices and specialty processors Components Support – electronic equipment to run the machine Central Processing Unit (CPU) – the primary processor in a computer Primary Storage – temporary and permanent storage used by the computer to operate Secondary Storage – longer-term storage for data Ports and Slots – mechanisms to connect devices and specialty processors

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-15 Processing – Motherboard, Power Supply, Fan Motherboard Contains all the of the components that do the actual processing work, including: Central Processing Unit (CPU) RAM and ROM Secondary Storage Devices (e.g. hard drive) Slots - connecting specialty processors Ports - connecting input/output devices Motherboard Contains all the of the components that do the actual processing work, including: Central Processing Unit (CPU) RAM and ROM Secondary Storage Devices (e.g. hard drive) Slots - connecting specialty processors Ports - connecting input/output devices Power Supply Converts standard 110/240 volt AC to lower voltages such as 5/10 volt DC for use in the computer Power Supply Converts standard 110/240 volt AC to lower voltages such as 5/10 volt DC for use in the computer Fan Low voltage device designed to protect the computer from the high heat generated by the CPU Fan Low voltage device designed to protect the computer from the high heat generated by the CPU

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-17 Processing – Central Processing Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Called the “brains of the computer”, its role is to perform the operations of the computer using two components: Control Unit – this device interprets instructions and transmits direction to the computer’s components Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – this device performs math as well as logical operations by interpreting and executing instructions Central Processing Unit (CPU) Called the “brains of the computer”, its role is to perform the operations of the computer using two components: Control Unit – this device interprets instructions and transmits direction to the computer’s components Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – this device performs math as well as logical operations by interpreting and executing instructions CPU Operations Fetching - loading the next program instruction from memory Decoding - determines the next operation by using registers (temporary storage) to store the instructions and memory location used Retrieving – loading the necessary data from memory and telling the ALU to execute the required instructions Storing – placing the results in a register or in memory CPU Operations Fetching - loading the next program instruction from memory Decoding - determines the next operation by using registers (temporary storage) to store the instructions and memory location used Retrieving – loading the necessary data from memory and telling the ALU to execute the required instructions Storing – placing the results in a register or in memory

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-18 Processing – Central Processing Unit Moore’s Law (1970s) Dr. Gordon Moore from Intel hypothesized that processing performance would double every 18 months Moore’s Law (1970s) Dr. Gordon Moore from Intel hypothesized that processing performance would double every 18 months CPU Processing Intel Pentium IV CPU packs 55 million transistors CPU Processing Intel Pentium IV CPU packs 55 million transistors

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-19 Processing – Central Processing Unit Moore’s Law (1970s) Dr. Gordon Moore from Intel hypothesized that processing performance would double every 18 months Moore’s Law (1970s) Dr. Gordon Moore from Intel hypothesized that processing performance would double every 18 months CPU Processing Intel Pentium IV CPU packs 55 million transistors CPU Processing Intel Pentium IV CPU packs 55 million transistors

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-20 Processing – Central Processing Unit Registers Provide temporary storage where data must reside while it is being processed or manipulated Registers Provide temporary storage where data must reside while it is being processed or manipulated Cache Memory A small block of memory used by the processors to store those instructions most recently or most often. This significantly increases the speed of the processor. Cache memory comes in two types: Internal – incorporated in the microprocessor’s design External – is not built into the CPU but is located on the motherboard for easy access Cache Memory A small block of memory used by the processors to store those instructions most recently or most often. This significantly increases the speed of the processor. Cache memory comes in two types: Internal – incorporated in the microprocessor’s design External – is not built into the CPU but is located on the motherboard for easy access Clock Speed The system clock generates pulses at a rapid rate regulating the speed of the processor. A clock tick is one pulse and the clock speed is measured in hertz (see below) Clock Speed The system clock generates pulses at a rapid rate regulating the speed of the processor. A clock tick is one pulse and the clock speed is measured in hertz (see below)

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-22 Processing – Primary Storage Primary Storage This storage is used for temporary storage to support computer processing and comes in RAM and ROM types Primary Storage This storage is used for temporary storage to support computer processing and comes in RAM and ROM types Random Access Memory (RAM) This is the computer’s main processing storage and consists of several chips containing thousands of electronic circuits etched in silicon mounted on a small circuit board call a single inline memory module (SIMM). RAM has the following characteristics: Provides temporary storage for computer operation Stores data programs and data currently in use CPU can randomly access the data stored in RAM Instructions are considered volatile and will be lost when the computer is turned off Random Access Memory (RAM) This is the computer’s main processing storage and consists of several chips containing thousands of electronic circuits etched in silicon mounted on a small circuit board call a single inline memory module (SIMM). RAM has the following characteristics: Provides temporary storage for computer operation Stores data programs and data currently in use CPU can randomly access the data stored in RAM Instructions are considered volatile and will be lost when the computer is turned off

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-23 Processing – Primary Storage Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM or also called Flash Memory) This is a variation of ROM that can be read and repeatedly written to and erased like RAM, but is different in that the information is retained after the power is turned off Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM or also called Flash Memory) This is a variation of ROM that can be read and repeatedly written to and erased like RAM, but is different in that the information is retained after the power is turned off Read-Only Memory (ROM) This memory exists on a chip on the motherboard and contains information that can be read by the computer but not written to. ROM stores the instructions required to run the computer before the system software takes over Read-Only Memory (ROM) This memory exists on a chip on the motherboard and contains information that can be read by the computer but not written to. ROM stores the instructions required to run the computer before the system software takes over

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-24 Processing – Secondary Storage Hard Drives These devices use a thin layer of magnetic media on a plastic or steel disk and have a very high storage capacity. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a storage technique using multiple hard disks to secure data against a single device failure or “crash” Hard Drives These devices use a thin layer of magnetic media on a plastic or steel disk and have a very high storage capacity. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a storage technique using multiple hard disks to secure data against a single device failure or “crash” Secondary Storage This nonvolatile storage is used to permanently store information and is not part of the CPU but is connected through the system bus. It comes in many types: Secondary Storage This nonvolatile storage is used to permanently store information and is not part of the CPU but is connected through the system bus. It comes in many types: Diskettes These are portable magnetic media, similar to hard drives, written to by inserting the diskette into a diskette drive. Most new computers do not include disk drives anymore. Diskettes These are portable magnetic media, similar to hard drives, written to by inserting the diskette into a diskette drive. Most new computers do not include disk drives anymore.

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-25 Processing – Secondary Storage Optical Disk This technology uses a laser to: write by burning spots into a disk coated with a metallic substance representing a data package; read by interpreting the reflection of the light off the burned in data spots. These disks come in several types: Magneto-Optical (MO) – this disk contains tiny magnetic crystals allowing the disk to be written to multiple times and is extremely high capacity Compact Disk (CD) – this technology is standard equipment on PCs and comes in two types: (CD-R) write once; (CD-RW) allows to write multiple times Digital Video Disk (DVD) – a common storage format used for movies and other video media but can also be used for data storage and holds over 7 times a CD’s capacity Optical Disk This technology uses a laser to: write by burning spots into a disk coated with a metallic substance representing a data package; read by interpreting the reflection of the light off the burned in data spots. These disks come in several types: Magneto-Optical (MO) – this disk contains tiny magnetic crystals allowing the disk to be written to multiple times and is extremely high capacity Compact Disk (CD) – this technology is standard equipment on PCs and comes in two types: (CD-R) write once; (CD-RW) allows to write multiple times Digital Video Disk (DVD) – a common storage format used for movies and other video media but can also be used for data storage and holds over 7 times a CD’s capacity

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-26 Processing – Secondary Storage Magnetic Tape Used for storage of computer information consisting of a narrow tape coated with a magnetic substance, Unlike all other secondary storage mediums, this technology reads and writes data sequentially. Tape is commonly used for backing up data from other secondary storage technologies Magnetic Tape Used for storage of computer information consisting of a narrow tape coated with a magnetic substance, Unlike all other secondary storage mediums, this technology reads and writes data sequentially. Tape is commonly used for backing up data from other secondary storage technologies Secondary Storage – A Comparison

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-27 Processing – Ports and Slots These are devices used to provide hardware interfaces – plugs and sockets - to connect devices to computers and components to provide a fully functional computer

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-28 Output Devices Video A visual display of data that supports motion using a monitor (monochrome or colour) coming in two types: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – a boxy device…like a television Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) – a flat screen used in notebooks or as a stand-alone device Projection – A device that projects a picture onto a screen Video A visual display of data that supports motion using a monitor (monochrome or colour) coming in two types: Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) – a boxy device…like a television Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) – a flat screen used in notebooks or as a stand-alone device Projection – A device that projects a picture onto a screen CRT LCD

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-29 Output Devices Printers and Plotters A visual display that is presented on hard copy (e.g. paper) Dot Matrix – older technology using a series of dots to create characters, typically in black and white Ink-jet – newer technology that sprays ink onto paper in character or image format in color or black-and-white Laser – a very high-quality technology that uses an electrostatic process that burns ink into characters or images and also comes in black-and-white or colour (very expensive) Printers and Plotters A visual display that is presented on hard copy (e.g. paper) Dot Matrix – older technology using a series of dots to create characters, typically in black and white Ink-jet – newer technology that sprays ink onto paper in character or image format in color or black-and-white Laser – a very high-quality technology that uses an electrostatic process that burns ink into characters or images and also comes in black-and-white or colour (very expensive)

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-30 Output Devices Audio Audio is transmitted using a sound card connected to speakers that is inserted into one of the motherboard’s slots. The computer translates digits into sound by sending the data to the sound card that interprets these data into tones Audio Audio is transmitted using a sound card connected to speakers that is inserted into one of the motherboard’s slots. The computer translates digits into sound by sending the data to the sound card that interprets these data into tones

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-33 Types of Computers – Supercomputer & Workstations Supercomputer These are the most powerful and expensive computers on earth and are: built and used for one specific purpose (e.g. weather forecasting) thousands of times more powerful than a high-powered PC These are the most powerful and expensive computers on earth and are: built and used for one specific purpose (e.g. weather forecasting) thousands of times more powerful than a high-powered PC A special class of computers designed for individuals, with high power to perform specialized tasks; fits on the desktop and used for: extremely data-intensive processing (i.e. design or financial analysis) A special class of computers designed for individuals, with high power to perform specialized tasks; fits on the desktop and used for: extremely data-intensive processing (i.e. design or financial analysis) Workstations

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-34 Types of Computers – Mainframe & Midrange These are smaller versions of mainframe computers used in smaller organizations and for multiple functions and: supports tens to hundreds of users used as servers including web, database, and application servers These are smaller versions of mainframe computers used in smaller organizations and for multiple functions and: supports tens to hundreds of users used as servers including web, database, and application servers These are the backbone of large corporate and government computing and: can process very large amounts of information support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously These are the backbone of large corporate and government computing and: can process very large amounts of information support hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously Mainframe Computer Midrange Computer

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-35 Types of Computers – Microcomputers PCs come in desktop and portable models and are commonly used for personal and business uses, they are generally low cost and have many powerful applications written for them A network computer is a microcomputer with minimal memory and storage, designed to connect to a network, especially the Internet, using resources provided by servers at low cost Network Computers Personal Computers

Information Systems Today, 2/C/e ©2008 Pearson Education Canada A-36 Types of Computers - Microcomputers Notebook A lightweight PC designed to be portable with sufficient battery power to be useful Handheld Computer Small computers that can be carried on the body including PDAs, cell phones, etc. Handheld Computer Small computers that can be carried on the body including PDAs, cell phones, etc. Tablet PC A small PC with a removable screen that can be used as a writing tablet with a stylus Tablet PC A small PC with a removable screen that can be used as a writing tablet with a stylus Portable Computers These smaller, lighter weight computers are designed to enable mobile processing

A-1 Appendix A Information System Hardware www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "A-1 Appendix A Information System Hardware www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback

Log in

Auth with social network:

A-1 Appendix A Information System Hardware www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University.

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "A-1 Appendix A Information System Hardware www.pearsoned.ca/jessup Robert Riordan, Carleton University."— Presentation transcript:

Similar presentations

About project

Feedback