1. 1 Remote Sensing of the Ocean and Atmosphere: John Wilkin Sea Surface Temperature (1) jwilkin@rutgers.edu IMCS Building Room 214C 732-932-6555 ext 251 609-933-7753

2. 2

3. 3

4. http://www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/sst

5. 5 http://www.oso.noaa.gov/poesstatus Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) Office of Satellite Operations

6. 6

7. 7

8. 8 All the in situ temperature observations in Australia waters since 1950

9. 9

10. 10 Ocean Troposphere Stratosphere clouds T TSTS TbTb sun glint volcanic aerosols tropospheric aerosols sensor Emitted surface radiance upwelled atmospheric radiance water vapor buoy

11. 11 10-12  m 3.5-4.1  m Relative atmospheric transmission plotted vs. decreasing wavelength p18

12. 12 Relative atmospheric transmission plotted vs. increasing wavelength 10-12  m 3.5-4.1  m

13. 13 wavelength Sensitivity of brightness to change in blackbody temperature brightness of 300K blackbody Brightness temperature difference due to atmosphere 3.5 μm 10 μm 12 μm

14. 14 http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/ocng_textbook/chapter06/chapter06_10.htm 1  m 2  m At 11  m, IR exitance comes from top 30  m of ocean

15. 15

16. 16 Night time and strong winds (day or night) case Day time weak winds case See also Fig 7.4 in Martin

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23 Small glaciers spill into a mostly dry valley in western Greenland in this picture from August 29, 2009. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite acquired this natural-color image. The top view shows the wider area and the bottom view is a close-up of two glacier snouts. http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=40169

24. 24 Before: April 12, 2004 After: Jan 5, 2005 Tsunami damage, Gleebruk, Indonesia

25. 25 Solar evaporation (salt) ponds near the foot of a long alluvial fan in the Pampa del Tamarugal, the great hyper-arid inner valley of Chile’s Atacama Desert. Alluvial fan sediments are dark brown. Astronaut photograph ISS019-E-14473, May 5, 2009 with a Nikon D2X digital camera fitted with a 400 mm lens, by the ISS Crew.

26. 26 Millennium Island (Caroline Island prior to 2000) at the southern end of the Line Islands in the South Pacific, Republic of Kiribati. 32 atolls and 1 raised coral island. Millennium Island is formed from a number of smaller islets built on coral reefs. Max 6 m above sea level.

27. 27 The Moon’s shadow engulfed Taiwan and a large swath of southeastern China and the Pacific Ocean on the morning of July 22, 2009, during an unusually long total eclipse of the Sun. This pair of images from the Japanese geostationary satellite MTSAT show the view of Earth at 8:30 a.m. local time in Taiwan (left) and an hour later (right), near the time in eastern China when the disk of the Moon completely overlapped the disk of the Sun (called totality). The longest period of totality occurred over the Pacific, where the total eclipse lasted more than 6 minutes.

28. 28 Albania Ionian Sea Greece Black Sea Aegean Sea Italy

29. 29

30. 30 http://www.ecoenquirer.com/UFO-cloud-wakes.htm