1. Groundstory Vegetation & LOD: Sampling Short Plants and Other Stuff on the Ground ESRM 304

2. Vegetation & LOD Surveys ôPart of multi-resource inventory oNeed information on the entire ecosystem oNeed to gain information on Forest structure Variability in conditions System processes

3. Vegetation & LOD Surveys ôInfo on structure, variability, processes … oBuilds inventory on critical habitat conditions oEnables I.D. of wildlife habitat relationships oAids grouping of stands into productivity classes oEnhances grouping of stands into risk classes oAllows development of management targets for Biological diversity maintenance Managing potential fire hazard Silvicultural manipulations

4. Vegetation & LOD Surveys ôSurveys are best stratified for efficiency oCoarse woody litter (Large Organic Debris) Use transects (line intersect) oGroundstory component Use transects (line intercept) sometimes fixed-area oUnderstory component Use transects (line intercept) sometimes fixed-area oOverstory component Use fixed-area plots (variable-area)

5. Vegetation & LOD Example Survey ôForest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) oIn continuous operation since 1930 oMission "make and keep current a comprehensive inventory and analysis of the present and prospective conditions of and requirements for the renewable resources of the forest and rangelands of the US." oCollects, analyzes, and reports information on the status and trends of America’s forests: how much forest exists, where it exists, who owns it, and how it is changing

6. Integrated Monitoring Framework

7. Vegetation & LOD Example Survey

8. ôForest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) oInformation collected on Soil quality Down woody debris Vegetation structure and diversity Crown condition Tree mortality Tree growth Lichen communities Vegetation health Vegetation & LOD Example Survey

9. ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey Plot system layout Line Intercept Line Intersect Random Directions

10. ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey Line Intercept Sampling for vegetation cover & composition

11. ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey Plot system layout Line Intersect

12. ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey Line Intersect Sampling for Large Organic Debris

13. ESRM 304 Vegetation & LOD Survey Plot system layout Random Directions

14. Compass Scale: Azimuths & Bearings Compass directions are circular Azimuths shown here Azimuths run clockwise from N (0 - 360 o )

15. Compass directions are circular Bearings shown here Bearings consist of a latitudinal hemisphere (N or S) followed by 0 - 90 o toward either longitudinal direction (E or W) Compass Scale: Azimuths & Bearings

16. As expected, can convert from azimuths to bearings and back again Bearings shown in red with azimuths in () Compass Scale: Azimuths & Bearings

17. The Compass: Magnetic Declination Magnetic North does NOT coincide w/ True North Declinations are constantly moving 2008: Seattle / Kenmore dec. 17 o 14’ E East declinations as of 2000 C.E.

18. Magnetic Declination Affects Your Compass Reading

19. Compass Parts Needle “Red” Base arrow “Shed” Screw to set declination: No further calculations needed! Always read compass here: “Fred”

20. A Compass Adjusted for Declination

21. Determining a direction … (to an object, landmark, etc.) 2. Turn compass DIAL until … 3. “Red” (needle) is in the Shed” 4. Read direction to “Fred” 1. Point “Fred” at object

22. Following a given direction … 2. Turn YOURSELF until “Red” is … 3. in the “Shed” (base arrow)… 4. then follow “Fred” … 1. Dial in given direction

23. Vegetation & LOD Surveys Field Trip to St. Edward State Park Tue 24 May Depart from behind Bloedel Hall (C-10 parking lot) promptly at 12:30 P.M. Bring rain gear, sturdy footwear