1. Using EDU In Calculus 1. General principles 2. Online examination principles 3. Online instruction principles 4. The UNL Calc I Question Banks Glenn Ledder gledder@math.unl.edu

2. General Principles Minimize student hassles Avoid multiple choice Avoid unnecessary details Minimize instructor commitment

3. Avoid unnecessary details Find the derivative of cos 2 ( 2x+3 ) + 4 sin x. Find the derivative of cos 2 ( 2x+3 ). Find the derivative of 4 x 5 -2x cos ( e x 2 ). Find the derivative of 4 x cos ( e x 2 ).

4. Minimize instructor commitment MASTER – 106 Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments MASTER – 106A Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments CLASS – 106A Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments Student records Each 106A class file is used for one section only. All assignments are inherited. Students register for their own class. The data in the Master folders is “permanent.” The only regular changes are to the assignment dates.

5. Minimize instructor commitment MASTER – 106 Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments MASTER – 106A Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments CLASS – 106A Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments Student records Instructor Jobs demonstrate the system change dates as needed review student work download grades

6. Math 106 EDU folder structure MASTER – 106 Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments MASTER – 106A Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments CLASS – 106 Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments Student records CLASS – 106A Question banks Gateway exam Practice assignments Assignments Student records

7. Online Examinations Choose the right material. Set high standards, allow retakes Use problems with randomized data Sort problems into categories

8. Choose the right material Use paper exams for questions that demand partial credit and questions where the answer is an integral, a graph, or an explanation. Use online exams for routine computations where retakes minimize the need for partial credit.

9. High standards and retakes The big advantage of online testing is its capability to be delivered to students individually. Students learn more when expectations are higher. Students need repetition to achieve high standards. Retakes make up for loss of partial credit.

10. Randomization and categories Template problems yield a great variety of answers. Template problems allow uniformity of content and difficulty. Categories should be consistent in content and difficulty

11. The Math 106 Gateway Exam 1.Elementary functions: x n, sin( ax ), cos( ax ), tan( ax ), e ax, ln x, n x 2. Products 3. Quotients4. Compositions 5. Compositions of compositions 6. Products with a composite factor 7. Compositions of products 8. Quotients with an embedded composition 9. Quotients with an embedded product 10. Functions defined by equations 10 questions, 8 correct to pass

12. Category 4 - Compositions X = t, u, v, w, x, y, z ; A, C, N >0; B ≠0; K ≠0,1 P = X N +B, X N +BX Q = AX N +B, AX N +BX, sqrt (X)+B S = sin AX, cos AX, tan AX T = e -CX +B, e KX +BX U = Ae -CX +B, Ae KX +BX, A ln X, AN X F = sqrt( P ), sqrt( S ), sqrt( T ), S N, T N, ln Q, ln CS, e Q, e CS, sin Q, cos Q, sin U, cos U 38 templates, each with 7 independent variables and at least one parameter

13. Online Instruction Choose the right material Use matched sets of questions Use a question hierarchy Use a mastery protocol Give minimal credit for assignments Provide a short time window

14. Choose the right material Use online assignments to teach skills and build concepts. Use class time to teach ideas, work on multi-step problems, discuss techniques, etc. Write test questions based on online assignments.

15. Use a question hierarchy Success rates should be 40-90%. Higher than 90% -- question too easy Lower than 40% -- use easier question to bridge the gap Best learning comes from success that builds on previous success.

16. A question hierarchy Topic: derivatives of quotients with powers of trig functions 3 - 2 cos x 4+7 sin 2 x Goal: ——–— 3x 3+4 sin x 1 - 5 cos x 5+3 sin x 3 - 2 cos x 4+7 sin 2 x ——–—

17. Use matched sets of questions Find the (exact) x coordinate of the global minimum of f ( x ) = 3 x 3 + b x 2 + c x on [- 1, 1 ]. Case 1: global min at critical point Case 2: global min at endpoint

18. Use a mastery protocol Students must complete each question successfully, on any number of attempts. Principal benefit: Students repeat only those questions they get wrong. Sessions can be given a hierarchical structure.

19. Give minimal credit % of course grade per assignment % of students who complete ass’nm’t NO PAY --- NO PLAY 0 pts – about 2% completion <1 pt out of 700 – 30% completion 2 pts out of 600 – 75% completion

20. “Grade inflation” Higher grades are not a problem if they are really earned. The real problem to be avoided is standards deflation. I have 30 2-pt assignments, with 42 of 60 for a C. 60 points is not enough to allow a student to pass the course with a D exam average.

21. The UNL Calc I Question Banks 1.Limits 2.The Derivative 3.The Definite Integral 4.Differentiation Techniques

22. Limits 1.Numerical experiments 2.Limits by factoring 3.Continuity 4.Limits at infinity 5.Behavior at infinity 6.The concept of the limit

23. The Derivative 1.Concept and definition 2.Graphs of derivatives 3.Power functions and sums 4.Tangent lines and linear approximations 5.L’Hopital’s rule 6.Critical points 7.Absolute extrema 8.Local extrema 9.Optimization

24. The Definite Integral 1.Computing sums 2.Estimating area 3.Limits of sums 4.Definite integrals from graphs 5.Antiderivatives 6.Graphs of antiderivatives 7.The fundamental theorem 8.Derivatives of definite integrals 9.Displacement and average value