1. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Knowledge and Understanding ApplicationSkills Question 1 a235 b8210 c73 157325 Question 2 a235 b8210 c73 157325 Question 3 a77 b448 c2810 6415

2. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S a) SKILLS AND APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING b) KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING c) KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING

3. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Key Question for investigation Content Opportunities for research and out-of- classroom work including fieldwork Reference to 4.1 page 12 Suggested examples Reference to 4.1 page 12 Links to other units 1.1What are the world's major climates and how do they relate to biomes?  The relationship between weather and climate.  An overview of the global patterns of climate  An overview of biomes and their relationship with climate. Interpretation of global maps of climates and biomes and an analysis of their relationship. Introduction to biomes and their relationship with climate. G3A.1,3 G4.1 1.2What are the temporal patterns of climate change?  Short-term climate change.  Long-term climate change. Analysis and interpretation of graphs showing cycles of temperature variation over short and long-term time scales. El Nino/La Nina. Effects on and NE Australia and. Little Ice Age. G3A.3 1.3What are the causes of climate change.  The evidence for climate change.  The atmospheric processes that result in climate change.  The relative role of environmental and human factors in recent climate change. Analysis of evidence for global warming – changes in greenhouse gases. Examination of sea level change and retreat of glaciers. Analysis of human causes of change in greenhouse gases. Case study of a retreating glacier and/or ice cap. Different views and attitudes on the causes of climate change – natural cycles versus human impacts G4.3 G3A.3

4. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Key Question for investigation Content Opportunities for research and out-of- classroom work including fieldwork Reference to 4.1 page 12 Suggested examples Reference to 4.1 page 12 Links to other units 1.4What are the issues resulting from climate change?  Changing climates and shifting climatic belts and the effect on biomes.  Increasing levels of extreme weather and the impacts on human activities.  Rising sea levels and their impact on people.  The variation of these impacts in different regions.  The impacts of climate change on society. Research into the impacts of global warming on different countries and regions. Analysis of extreme events, and how these impact on people. Examination of the impact of global warming on the operation of societies. Hurricanes, drought. Growth of vines in Northward movement of butterfly distributions in. The Inuit. G3A.2a G4.1, 2 1.5What strategies can be used to address climate change?  Strategies to address climate change i.at international level; ii.by government action; iii.by pressure groups and by individuals. Collection and analysis of literature produced by a variety of organisations. Study of the methods used to combat global warming at a variety of scales from global to local. The work of IPCC. Contrasting government policies. Local policies – Keep Leicester Cool; Carbon Neutral Newcastle. G4.3 1.6How successful have strategies been in tackling climate change?  Evaluation of attempts to reduce climate change. Critical evaluation of evidence that examines the relative success of strategies. Critical examination of the Kyoto Protocol. G3A.3

5. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S  FIND THE RESOURCE Photos Maps Diagrams Newspapers Graphs Hurricanes to wreak havoc on London insurance market By Cliff Feltham Friday, 26 September 2008

6. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S A skills question – not passed by QPEC a) Use Figure 1 to describe the projected annual mean precipitation change between 1980-1999 and 2080-2099. Looking for: identification of pattern use of the data on the map Increase in rainfall on South Island (1) over 15% in southwest (1). Areas of decrease on west coast (1) -2.5 % and Above (1) Have to consider mark given (5) – about 6 minutes plus time to analyse resource

7. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S A skills question – not passed by QPEC a)Use the information in the diagram to describe the potential impact of rising sea level in Banjul. Looking for: Impact of varying sea level rises Impact on different aspects – transport, urban features, natural features, economics. Up to 2 marks for a developed point

8. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S A skills question – not passed by QPEC a)Use the information in Figure 1 to describe how individuals can address climate change. Looking for Methods of energy saving Levels of energy saving Target setting 2 marks for developed answer The largest amount of energy consumption is from electric stoves with 8,500 watts. (2) Energy can be saved in cooking by turning down heat once food starts boiling (1)

9. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S 1.2What are the temporal patterns of climate change? Describe and explain long term patterns of climate change. (10) Looking for knowledge and understanding. Knowledge of the long term patterns of climate change and understanding of the processes that lead to these patterns. Knowledge of examples. What are the patterns that would be accepted?  Glacial cycles  Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period What are the characteristics of the patterns?  Patterns of temperature, accumulation of ice, storminess, aridity, length of seasons

10. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S What are the acceptable explanations?  Sun spot activity  Volcanic activity  Milankovitch cycles  Surface albedo  Ocean currents Level 1 0-3marks Superficial knowledge of patterns of climate change. Superficial understanding of causes of patterns of climate change. Little use of examples Level 2 4-7 marks Some depth to knowledge of patterns of climate change and their causes. Examples are evident Level 3 8-10 marks Knowledge and discussion is detailed and developed. Good use of examples

11. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S

12. Discuss how two pieces of evidence that suggest recent climate change.

13. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S 1.4 What are the issues resulting from climate change? Global shifts of climate and biomes - global view for example tropics : http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v1/n1/full/ngeo.2007.38.html - national view for example South Africa http://www.grida.no/publications/vg/africa/page/3120.aspx - ecosystem approach for example coral http://www.bbc.co.uk/climate/impact/coral.shtml Outline the impacts of climate change

14. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Extreme weather: Examine a region – Britain http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate- change/extreme-conditions-whats-happening-to-our-weather- 463286.html Extreme conditions: What's happening to our weather? This summer is set to be the wettest ever. It's the latest in a series of broken records which suggest climate change is here already. By Michael McCarthy Tuesday, 28 August 2007 Examine a weather event

15. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Outline the possible impacts of rising sea level on people Agriculture Fishing Transport Water supply Population displacement Deaths Urban Disease

16. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S http://www.greenfacts.org/en/arctic-climate-change/index.htm Explain two impacts of climate change on society Community Economy Transport Culture Settlement Health What are the characteristics of climate change? How do they impact upon society? How is this illustrated in the chosen example

17. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S What are the characteristics of a good answer in Q1 and Q2? Understanding of concepts and processes - tectonic processes, impact of volcanoes on climate etc Knowledge of factual information – short term patterns of climate change, government strategies to overcome climate change etc Use of case studies – impact of sea level change on Bangladesh, impacts of Mt. Unzen etc Application of information to the question set – use of the command words, selection of the correct information from taught and learned material etc Structure to the answer – paragraphs addressing elements of the question, logical progression Good spelling, punctuation and grammar Development of knowledge and concepts in appropriate detail Good use of diagrams where appropriate Use of geographical terminology

18. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Question 3 – Assessing enquiry

19. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Resource based question – map, photo, table, graph, GIS, satellite images, report, interview transcript etc. Application of the enquiry method – link to resource that can be used as stimulus. Examination of one element of the enquiry method that has been completed by the student. abc Question structure

20. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S a)Use Figure 3 to compare the change in emissions between energy and waste. (7) Looking for identification of patterns and trends Comparative comment Use of data Year Absolute change in emissions from 1990 (mega tonnes) (Mt) Total emissions EnergyIndustrial Processes Solvents Agriculture Waste 19900.000.0 19910.40.3 0.0-0.20.0 19922.12.00.40.0-0.30.0 19931.71.30.30.0 19942.11.60.0 0.60.0 19952.61.40.10.01.2-0.2 19964.32.50.30.01.7-0.2 19976.54.90.0 1.8-0.2 19985.53.50.30.02.0-0.3 19997.24.80.40.02.4-0.4 20008.45.30.30.03.2-0.4 200111.27.30.60.03.8-0.4 200211.77.30.80.04.2-0.5 200313.88.91.10.04.4-0.5 200413.28.10.90.04.8-0.6 200515.39.91.00.04.9-0.6

21. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S b) Outline and justify different methods of presenting the data shown in the table. (8) Looking for Selection of appropriate methods of presenting the data – line graph, pies, bar charts etc Description of the methods and how they could present the data – diagrams Justification of the method – change over time, comparison of contribution in different years

22. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Question 3 (c)– Assessing enquiry

23. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S FIGURE 3 Present day distribution and thickness of ash erupted from the Okataina Volcanic Centre 9000 years ago. Thickness in centimetres. a)Describe the pattern of distribution of ash thickness shown in Figure 3 (7) Looking for: Shape Trend Use of data from map Use of scale and direction b) Outline a suitable method of sampling that could be used to collect data on variations in the depth of ash around a volcano. (8) Possible content - line/areal, sample size, systematic/random/stratified

24. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Question 3 (c)– Assessing enquiry

25. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S RESOURCE POSSIBLE 3(b)s HOW TO REPRESENT THE DATA HOW TECHNIQUE COULD BE USED LIMITATIONS AND STRENGTHS DATA COLLECTION SAMPLING OTHER DATA TO COLLECT

26. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Candidate preparation Starters What does it show? Strengths and weaknesses Ask a question about it from the enquiry method

27. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Starters What does it show? Strengths and weaknesses Ask a question about it from the enquiry method

28. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Shifts in the distribution of cold and hot weather http://www.cdc.gov/climatechange/effects/heat.htm Starters What does it show? Strengths and weaknesses Ask a question about it from the enquiry method

29. APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT A/S Starters What does it show? Strengths and weaknesses Ask a question about it from the enquiry method