1. AP3170 Materials Testing Techniques Dr. C. H. Shek G6720; Tel: 2788 7798 apchshek@cityu.edu.hk

2. Characterization is an essential aspect of materials research and of quality control in materials production. “Characterization describes those features of the composition and structure (including defects) of a material that are significant for a particular preparation, study of properties, or use, and suffice for reproduction of the materials.” as defined by National Research Council.

3. Aim To develop an elementary understanding of some basic techniques on the analysis and testing of materials. Objectives 1) Understand the principles and functions of some commonly used materials testing methods and equipment. 2) Interpret simple experimental results obtained from the testing techniques covered in the course. 3) Do simple calculations with the data from experiments.

4. Teaching Pattern: Duration of course: 1 semester Lecture/tutorial/ mix: 2 hrs lecture + 0.5 hr tutorial. The course consists of lectures and tutorials. There is one hour of tutorial for every 4 hours of lecture. In the tutorial classes, students are encouraged to discuss on the taught topics and are given chance to clarify on questions concerning the lecture and the notes.

5. Assessment Pattern: Examination duration: 2 hrs Percentage of coursework, examination, etc: 30% by coursework; 70% by exam Coursework consists of assignments, tutorial presentations and quizzes. In order to pass the course (i.e. grade D or above), students have to achieve a minimum of 30% in both coursework and examination.

6. Schedule for Tutorials ; Wk4 Wk6 Wk8 Wk10 Wk12 Wk13 26/9 10/10 24/10 7/11 21/11 28/11

7. Reference Books: P. E. J. Flewitt and R. K. Wild; Microstructural Characterization of Metals and Alloys; The Institute of Metals (1986). D. A. Skoog; Principles of Instrumental Analysis; Holt-Saunders (1985). R. F. Speyer; Thermal Analysis of Materials; Marcel Dekker (1994). J. R. Fried; Polymer Science and Technology; Prentice Hall (1995). Annual Book of ASTM Standards, e.g. Section 3 “Metals Tests Methods and Analytical Procedures” and Section 8 “Plastics”; British Standards; Japan Industrial Standard, etc. R. J. Young and P.A. Lovell, Introduction to Polymers, 2nd Ed. Chapmen & Hall, p.222-227 (1991). J.D. Ingle, S.R. Crouch, Spectrochemical Analysis, Pentice Hall, (1988). P.E. Mix, Introduction to nondectructive testing, John Wiley & Sons, (1987). http://www.ndt-ed.org/index_flash.htm for NDT

8. Introduction To answer “What is the … of the material?” Always “many-to-one” relationships between techniques and problems Results from different techniques usually must be combined to draw conclusions Play important roles in various aspects

9. To answer the “what” questions?

10. The role of testing At R&D stage, material properties must be comprehensively characterized Detailed specifications must be presented to potential customers The acceptance of delivered goods involving checking against specifications with standard tests At production stage, quality of materials must be closely monitored On reception of complaints, analysis of substandard materials for future improvement. (The recent case of malachite green!) Settlement of disputes calls for carrying out of accepted tests

11. Basic points to note about materials testing Technique of testing Physical and mechanical principles involved in the testing apparatus and procedure Theory of measurement (e.g. source of errors) Variability of materials Interpretation of results

12. Level of accuracy For obtaining fundamental physical quantities, may call for resources only affordable by big countries (e.g. gravitation constant = 6.67259(85)  10 -11 m 3 kg -1 s -2 ; uncertainty = ± 128 ppm; electron mass = 9.1093897(54)  10 -31 kg; uncertainty = ± 0.59ppm) For R&D works, the best available tests are used For quality control purpose, usually a “go-no go” test is suffice

13. Further classifications Full size test Test on models Specimens extracted from components Specimens from raw materials Destructive tests Non-destructive tests

15. What you are expected to know after the lectures what type of technique to use when you face a problem some basic concepts about the techniques, e.g. their principles, accuracy, limitations,... be able to do some simple calculations based on the experimental data and to interpret the results

16. Assessments Tests on week 7 and week 13 Exam. usually split into two sections, A & B section A questions on basic concepts, usually very short answers are expected section B call for more in- depth understanding in certain techniques, therefore, you can choose from a range of questions

17. Summary The amount of information in this module is huge, so prepare to work hard To know “What?”, “Why?” but not “How?” You may have hand-on experience when you do your laboratory work or final year project Learn these techniques in conjunction with the other course in your program.