1. Cor Pulmonale Sung Chul Hwang, M.D. Dept. of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Ajou University School of Medicine

2. Cor Pulmonale Right Sided Heart Disease, secondarily caused by abnormalities of lung parenchyme, airways, thorax, or respiratory control mechanisms. Noevidence of other heart conditions, Acute vs. Chronic

3. Etiology of Cor Pulmonale ( I ) Lung and Airways COPD Asthma Bronchiectasis DILD Pulmonary tuberculosis Vascular Occlusion Multiple Emboli Schistosomiasis Filariasis Sickle Cell P. Pulmonary Hypertension

4. Thoracic Cage Kyphosis > 100 o Scoliosis > 120 o Thoracoplasty Pleural fibrosis N-M Disease Polio Myelitis Myasthenia Gravis ALS Muscular Dystrophy Etiology of Cor Pulmonale ( II )

5. Abnormal Respiratory Control Idiopathic hypoventilation Syndrome Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (Pick-Wickian syndrome) Cerebrovascular disease Etiology of Cor Pulmonale ( III )

6. Pulmonary Vessel Restriction Hypoxia H Hypercapnea A Acidemia Anatomic changes C Chronic Cor Pulmonale Rt. Ventricular Failure Increased Viscosity Acidosis Increased C.O.

7. Pathologic Features Lung : consistent with Specific diseases Common Features: hypertrophy of microvasculatures Hallmark : Rt. Ventricular Hypertrophy 60g – 200g, > 0.5 CM, RV/LV <2.5 Lt. Ventricular Hypertrophy Hypertrophy of Carotid Body

8. Natural History Several months to years to develop All ages from child to old people Repeated infections aggravate RV strain into RV failure Initilly respondes well to therapy but progressively becomes refractory

9. Prevalence Emphysema : less frequent Cronic bronchitis : more common US : 6-7 % of Heart failure Delhi : 16% Sheffield in UK : 30 – 40% Autopsy in Chronic Bronchitis : 50% More prevalent in pollution area or smokers

10. Lab. Findings X-Ray : Prominent pulmonary hilum pulmonary artery dilatation Rt MPA > 20 mm EKG : P- pulmonale, RAD, RVH Echocardiography : RVH, TR, Pulm. Hypertension ABG : Hypoxemia, Hypercapnea, Respiratory acidosis CBC : polycythemia Cardiac catheterization

11. Treatment Treat Underlying Disease : COPD Tx, Steroid, Infection control, theophylline, medroxyprogesterone, Continuous O2 : < 2-3L/min Diuretics Phlebotomy Digoxin : controversial Pul. Vasodilators Beta adrenergic agents Reduce Ventilation/Perfusion imbalance : Amitrine bimesylate

12. Prognosis 1960-1970 : 3 yr mortality 50-60% Recent times : 5 - 10 years or more