1. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Questions from the reaction slips: Day 4 How flexible should methodology be? What happened to the techniques for teaching literacy in the classroom? Do the teacher and researcher have different perspectives? How can we value the oral competencies of our learners´use of language?

2. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Aims and objectives To examine the ´postcolonial landscapes´ and the role of local knowledge approaches. To discuss some of the key themes in local knowledge research. To look at some case studies where local knowledge was important To exchange ideas about our own research To make that research more honest To work out a fruitful relationship with ´universal´theory.

3. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Day Four: revision Postcolonial perspectives Is this a useful ‘historical condition´ to situate our research? Literacy practices: do they change in a postcolonial perspective? What was postcolonial about the literacy event in Bogu village? Is a researcher/teacher in a Brazilian school working in a postcolonial context?

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6. Identity and representation Why I need to explore this ‘topic’. 1. My main research question links literacy and culture/identity. 2. Literacy changes people´s awareness of their identity and hence culture (postcolonial identity). 3. Literacy gives people other options for representing themselves. 4. Postcolonial Literacy could erode, submerge or enrich identities/cultures (good thing?) 5. Literacy-culture, what verbs can we use...?

7. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Historical views Definition of personal identity: Why am I with these people now? Pre-modern: Place of birth, ´place´in soc. religion, family member... (name, dress) Modern: Job, language, politics, type of car, clothes, nationality, gender Postmodern: institutional, commodified.. Postcolonial: Hegemonies, Hybridity and hyphenated identities..

8. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Theories of identity Subjective views of identity Romantic: self-expression, project of self Psychodynamic: socially determined, symbolical order (Lacan) Postmodern: fluidity, hybridity, fragmentary (Giddens)

9. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Identity as a social product Collective identities (sociolinguistics) (Essentialism? Orientalism-Said) Communities of Practice defined by social engagement (Street) Queer Theory –Hybridity- Diaspora- Crossing (Bhabha, Rampton)

10. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Identity, Ideology and Discourse Interpellation (Althusser) Hegemonies, dominant discourses, (Foucault) ‘Subjection consists precisely in this fundamental dependency on discourse we never choose but that paradoxically, initiates and sustains our agency´ Butler 1997:2 Performativity: identity as a discursive practice (Goffman, Fairclough) Also: Critical Discourse Analysis, Conversation analysis (Schegloff)

11. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Different types of identity Analytical approaches: Conversational identities Institutional identities Narrative identities Contexts (CDA, narrative, multimodal): Commodified identities Spatial identities Virtual identities (Benwell and Stokoe 2006)

12. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Representation That part of discourse which tells of the identity of the interlocutor. (?) The world told (narrated) vs the world shown (displayed) Affordances and modalities Importance of creativity, learning (Kress 2004)

13. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Representation and identity Linguistic revitalisation:representation at psycholinguistic level (Welsh, Cajun) Language death/decline: (Batibo 2005) Linguistic representation: intercultural conflicts (Bourdieu 1982) Typographies of representation (Dyer 1985): Stereotypes, classic types

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16. Example: Maria de Fátima F. Guilherme de Castro Representations of English teachers, in pre-service and after 8 years (see transparencies) Theory: Pecheux à la brasilienne...

17. Mini-curso Sao Paulo 2007 Ontological landscapes Has your ontological lanscape changed since Day One? Discovered any new mountain ranges or marshes? Have the epistemological ´sources´of the rivers changed? Have you discovered new rivers or streams? If nothing seems to have changed, don´t worry...