1. Information Technology Its Applications
SAK3002
Information Technology
Its Applications
&
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

2. CORE objectives of this course:
Student can understand about computer designs and its processes.
Student know how to use current applications.
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

3. 1
Chapter
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

4. Objectives of this chapter:
You can…
Define the term, computer and its advantages.
Identify the components of a computer.
Know its history
Identify the element of information system
Discuss computer application in society
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

5. Overview This chapter covers Computer definition and operations.
Computer generations.
The components of a computer.
Categories of computers
Computer impact on society.
GO!
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

6. 1.1 Definition and Operations
Page 6
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

7. What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?
Computer: A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs operations, presents the results, and can store the data or results
Accepts data
Raw facts, figures, and symbols
Processes data into information
Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful
Produces and stores results
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

8. Computer operations: Input—entering data into the computer
Processing—performing operations on the data
Output—presenting the results
Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

9. Computer operations (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

10. Advantages of Using Computers
Reliability
Speed
Consistency
Storage
Communications
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

11. Disadvantages of Using Computers
Violation of Privacy
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

12. 1.2 Computer History
Page 52
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

13. Computer History
The computer that we use now is a fairly recent invention
The history of computers is often referred to in terms of generations, from pre-computers and early computers (before 1945) to fifth generation computers (now and the future)
Each new generation is characterized by a major technological development
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

14. Computer History (cont’d)
The first calculating device, which was used 2000 years ago was called abacus
In  1833, Prof. Charles Babbage, the father of computer, developed a machine called analytical engine which was the base for the modern digital computer
Other early computing devices include the slide rule, the mechanical calculator, and Dr. Herman Hollerith’s Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

15. Computer History (cont’d)
First - Generation Computers (approximately )
The electronic digital computers, which were introduced in 1950's, were using vacuum tubes
ENIAC
Was developed during World War II
UNIVAC
Released in 1951
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

16. Computer History (cont’d)
Second - Generation Computers (approximately )
used transistors
A small device made of semiconductor material
Programming languages (FORTRAN and COBOL) were developed and implemented
Computers used by military, government and big business
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

17. Computer History (cont’d)
Third - Generation Computers (approximately )
Introduction of integrated circuits (ICs)
Also know as chips
Keyboards and monitors were introduced for input and output
Magnetic disks were typically used for storage
Cheap, fast and reliable
Used by small business
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

18. Computer History (cont’d)
Fourth - Generation Computers (approximately present)
The invention of the microprocessor in 1971
Contains the core processing capabilities of an entire computer on one single chip
Example: IBM PC and Apple Macintosh
Input - keyboard and mouse
Output – monitor and printer
Storage – magnetic disks and optical disks
The development of computer network, wireless technologies, and the internet
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

19. Computer History (cont’d)
Fifth - Generation Computers (now and the future)
Will be based on artificial intelligence
Computers can learn, think and reasoning
Voice recognition
Become primary means of input
Optical computers
Process data using light instead of electrons
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

20. Computer History (cont’d)
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

21. Computer History (cont’d)
Refer to your text book (Discovering Computers 2009) on page 52 to 65 for the timeline of computer generations and trends from The ABC computer to Youtube phenomena!
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

22. 1.3 Main Components of a Computer
Page 7
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

23. Main components of a Computer
Hardware
The physical parts of a computer
Can be internal (located inside the system unit) or external (located outside of the system unit)
Software
Programs or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do
Hardware
Software
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

24. Computer Hardware Hardware used to enter data and instructions
Input device:
Hardware used
to enter data
and instructions
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding.
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

25. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Output device:
Hardware that
conveys information to one or more people
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

26. Computer components (hardware)
System unit
Case
containing
electronic
components
used to process
data
Refer to your textbook for more pictures and explanations for better understanding
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

27. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Two main components on the motherboard:
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

28. Computer hardware (cont’d)
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from storage media
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

29. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Floppy disk and USB flash drive
Floppy Disk
Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a square- shaped plastic shell
Stores up to about 1.4 million characters
USB Flash Drive
Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip® disk
Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

30. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Hard disk
Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive
Most are housed inside of the system unit
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

31. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Compact disc
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD-ROM
DVD-ROM
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application
p. 9 Fig. 1-5

32. Computer hardware (cont’d)
Communications device
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

33. Computer Software What is software?
Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do
Also called a program
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

34. Computer Software (cont’d)
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons
Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

35. Computer software (cont’d)
What is system software?
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Operating System (OS) is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software
Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application p

36. Presentation Graphics
Computer Software
Application software
Programs that perform specific tasks for users
Word Processing
Spreadsheet
Database
Presentation Graphics
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

37. Computer Software Programmer
JavaScript
Programmer
Someone who develops application or system software
Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information
Web application
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

38. 1.4 Categories of Computers
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Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

39. Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers (desktop)
Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

40. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Personal Computers
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table
Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS)
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

41. Categories of computer (cont’d)
Mobile Computers
Notebook computer
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Also called a laptop computer
Generally more expensive than a desktop computer
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

42. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Computers
Tablet PC
Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
useful for taking notes
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

43. Categories of computers (cont’d)
What are mobile devices?
Small enough to carry in a pocket
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

44. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Device
Handheld computer
Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people
Small enough to fit in one hand
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

45. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Device
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar
Appointment book
Address book
Calculator
Notepad
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

46. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Mobile Device
A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities
Smart phones
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

47. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Game consoles
Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

48. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Servers
A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage
Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

49. Categories of computers (cont’d)
Embedded computers
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

50. 1.5 Computer Applications in Society
Page 32
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

51. Computer Applications in Society
Some examples of computer applications in society:
Education
Finance
Government
Healthcare
Science
Publishing
Travel
Manufacturing
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

52. End of Chapter 1
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application

53. Review Computer definition? Computer operations?
Computer main components?
Computer categories?
Computer impacts on society?
For more details information and pictures, please refer to your text book.
Chapter 1 SAK3002 – Information Technology and Its Application