1. Geographic Information Systems and Science SECOND EDITION Paul A. Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J. Maguire, David W. Rhind © 2005 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd 7. GIS Software

2. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Overview Evolution of GIS software Architecture of GIS software Building GIS software systems Types of software Example products GIS software use

3. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd GIS Software The geoprocessing engines of GIS Major functions Collect, store, mange, query, analyze and present Key terms Program – collections of instructions to manipulate data Package – integrated collection of programs Component – self-contained, reusable software building blocks

4. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Evolution of GIS Software Sub-routine libraries (60s/70s) Libraries of small programs (sub-routines) Required advanced programming skills Tool box with CLI (70s/80s) Basic package with Command Line Interface Required advanced technical skills Task-oriented system (90s/00s) Graphical User Interface (GUI) Customization capabilities to create specific- purpose applications

5. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Types of GIS Implementation

6. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Three-tier Architecture

7. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd GS Software Architectures Desktop Client-server Centralized Desktop/Citrix Server

8. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Desktop GIS

9. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Client-server GIS

10. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Centralized Desktop GIS

11. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Centralized Server GIS

12. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

13. Desktop and Network GIS

14. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Desktop and Internet GIS FeatureDesktopNetwork Client SizeThickThin Client platformWindowsBrowser Server sizeThin/thickThick Server platform Windows/Unix/ Linux NetworkLAN/WANInternet

15. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Daratech Market Share 2003

16. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Desktop GIS Data exploitation Data access Query Spatial Analysis Simple editing Visualization Mapping Customization $1500

17. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Figure 7.11 GeoMedia

18. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

20. Server GIS Centralized GIS Deploy multi-user desktop Internet GIS Enterprise GIS Servers Manage/deploy centrally Low cost of ownership Good for data exploitation

21. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Hand-held Field-based GIS Lightweight hardware Extension of desktop Limited capabilities Data collection Mobile mapping $500

22. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

23. Estimated GIS Users

24. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Summary GIS software is developing fast Consistent GIS architecture Major development areas Internet Hand-held Increasingly standards-based Very wide ranging Rationalization of vendors