1. Instruction, Learning and Problem Solving EDMD 3000 Fall 2000 Dr. Wolf

2. Why/How Should We Use Computers? Rationale Behaviorism Constructivism Problem Solving Productivity Information Acquisition Motivation Enhancing Delivery

3. Technology Rationale Instructional Technology is not computers! Technology applications in education are not just computer-based. The use of technology in education has its basis in learning theory. The benefits of having technology available in our schools go beyond instruction.

4. Behaviorism Robert Gagne, B. F. Skinner Learning = change in the probability of a particular behavior occurring in a particular situation. Teacher manipulates environment that student experiences Nine events of instruction (p. 29) Objectivist, learning is determined via behavior changes

5. Constructivism Whitehead, Piaget, Vygotsky Learning = a change in meaning constructed from experience. Learning is social event Assimilation, Disequilibration, Accommodation Scaffolding

6. Problem Solving Saunders: problem solving is a central element in constructivism (p. 33) Provides opportunities for students to construct knowledge Open-ended Emphasis on meaning rather than rote repetition Uses tools, scaffolds, resources to arrive at solution

7. Productivity WP, SS, DB, Graphics use (efficiency view) Use technology and computers to maximize our capabilities to solve problems (effectiveness view) Communications Research Data access, manipulation and transmission

8. Information Acquisition Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligences (p. 36) –Linguistic –Logical-mathematical –Spatial –Musical –Bodily-kinesthetic –Interpersonal –Intrapersonal –Naturalist

9. Motivation Increased motivation may increase attention which will increase levels of learning Advanced learners Less adept learners Learners with special needs

10. Enhancing Delivery Enhance Transmission Direct attention (eliminate noise) Enhance Decoding Illustration Sender/EncoderDecoder/ReceiverSignal Noise Field of Experience

11. Summary Computer use is based on learning theory and research Computers can support either the behaviorist or constructivist paradigms Computers can aid in productivity, problem-solving, and communication