1. Estimated number in ‘worst forms’: 8.4 million (2004) Electroplate worker, India 1993 Can this be positive for economic development? Estimated number of child labourers: 246 million Under the age of 10: 73 million Annual Deaths: 22 000 Some Facts….

2. Child Labour is a NEGATIVE force for economic development Blacksmith apprentice, Afghanistan 2002

3. Economic Development: Increased availability of food, shelter and clothing Higher incomes, better education, better attention to human values People and nations free from servitude, the forces of ignorance and human misery Metal worker, Morocco 1997

4. Some More Facts… Children is not as productive as adults Negative relationship between income and child labour Shepherd, Bolivia

5. Labour Supply Coal collecting, Afghanistan 2002 Children in labour force keep wages low Children out of the labour force increases wages

6. Human Capital Brick worker, Nepal 1995 Low Level Development Trap Child labour perpetuates poverty and hinders development Investment in human capital perpetuates long term sustainable development Human Capital Low Level Trap Take off

7. Conclusion Construction Workers, India No investment in Education Low Skill Adults Need income from Children No investment in Education Low Skill Adults Need income from Child labor Vicious Cycle of Child Labor Perpetuates Poverty

8. Garbage picker, Mexico 1996 Thank you.