1. The Tower-of-Adapters Method for Developing and Reusing Problem-Solving Methods Teacher : C.S. Ho Student : L.W. Pan Date : 8/19/99 Dieter Fensel, European Knowledge Acquisition Workshop (EKAW-97), Sant Feliu de Guixols, Spain, October 1997.

2. 1999/8/19Li-we Pan2 Program Can do Input cases data form file Create tree and develop its node Need to do Add constraint Add adaptation

3. 1999/8/19Li-we Pan3 content Problem-solving method(PSMs) A structured approach for the development and adaptation of PSMs The virtual existence of specific methods An integrated library Conclusion

4. 1999/8/19Li-we Pan4 PSMs Lake of clear methodological support in developing PSMs, and reusing them Recent work provide in-depth analysis of the essence and main rationales of some PSMs. Still unclear how to develop PSMs, how to selelct PSMs, how to adapt PSMs to given problems and domain-specific circumstances and how to select PSMs form library

5. 1999/8/19Li-we Pan5 Adapter Allow the independent specifications of problem definitions, PSMs, and domain knowledge. Building KBS from reusable elements requires adapters that properly link these elements and adapt them to the application-specific circumstances Original : adapter as a glue for combining reusable elements New : Stapling adapters as a stepwise refinement method

6. 1999/8/19Li-we Pan6 Task Model Coals Requirements Problem-solving Model Competence Operational specification Requirements Domain Model Mete description Knowledge External assumptions

7. 1999/8/19Li-we Pan7 Algorithm Schemes Problem Theory generate & test Problem Reduction Complementation Local Structure local search steepest ascent simulates annealing closure algorithms And/Or-reduction Dynamic programming Branch-and-board(AO*) Game tree search And-reduction Divide-and-conquer Simple loops Or-reduction Global search Binary search Backtrack Branch-and-board(A*)