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Flow charting symbols
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CHECK SHEETS Check sheets explore what and where an event of interest is occurring. Attribute Check Sheet Order Types 7am-9am 9am-11am 11am-1pm 1pm-3pm 3pm-5-pm Emergency Nonemergency Rework Safety Stock Prototype Order Other 27 15 19 20 28
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PARETO ANALYSIS A method for identifying and separating the vital few from the trivial many. % Factor A B C D E F G I H J
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CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS Pins not Assigned Defective Pins Received Defective Damaged in storage Maintenance EquipmentEmployees Procedures and Methods Training Speed Condition Classification Error Inspection CPU Chip BAD CPU
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HISTOGRAMS A statistical tool used to show the extent and typeof variance within the system. No. of Occurrences Outcome
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SCATTERPLOTS Variable A Variable B x x x x x x xx x x x x xx x x x x x xx x x xx x x x x xx xxx x x x x xx xx x x x x xx x x x xxx xx x x x x xxx x x xx x x xx xx x x x x x xx x x xxx xx xx xxx x x xx xxx x x x x x x xx x x x x x x xx x x xx x x xx x x x Clearly larger values of variable A seemingly are associated with larger values of variable B.
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CONTROL CHARTS The purpose of control charts is to tell the operator when the process is producing output in accordance with the assumed process variation. The null hypothesis is that a process is making parts with a given mean and standard deviation. If the null hypothesis is true, then a small sample of the expected value of the system’s output will have a sample mean equal to the process mean and a sample variance equal to the sums of the sample size time the process variance.
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Control Chart 0123456789101112131415 UCL LCL Sample number Mean Out of control Normal variation due to chance Abnormal variation due to assignable sources
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Types of control charts
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