1. Biology 140 The search for primary & review information resources at the Mardigian Library January 2004

2. What you will learn: The steps involved in the development of scientific information The characteristics of primary, secondary, and review articles How to do hands-on searches with the goal of leaving with at least 1 article.

3. Where does (scientific) information come from? Suggestions from you: Think about your own research. From what sources does the researcher obtain his or her information?

4. The Information Process Investigation of an event Information gathering/literature review Conducting the research Discussion of results with others Conferences & Proceedings Journals: Peer Reviewed TV, Radio, Magazines Books & Texts Encyclopedias & Reference Works

5. Time Generally, a year for each step after the research is completed Conceive, fund, conduct research Presentation at professional conferences & publish in proceedings Preparation and submission to a journal for publishing Appearance in secondary sources

6. Pause Compressed several years into a few minutes. Went through the major literature/information sources. Now discuss primary journals and the peer review process. We’ll then discuss secondary journals and their function.

7. Journals & Primary Resources Journals Primary means of scientific communication Peer Reviewed Maintains integrity of research process Rigorous questioning ensures that all aspects/interpretations of the results are explored/explained.

8. Additional Primary Article Characteristics: Published in a journal: few pictures, little advertising, mostly text Written by the person doing the research Usually several pages in length Look for these components: Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, References

9. Secondary Article Characteristics Written by authors who did not do the research. Article summarizes the research and results, so is easier for general public to understand Published in a popular magazines Often in sections of the magazine called Article Summary, Articles, News Reviews, Newscripts, Research Focus, etc.

10. The Review Article: Published in primary research journal’s “review” section or in a secondary scientific source such as Scientific American and Science News and can be: An overview of current research in an area A background summary of the important developments in this area of research. Extensive bibliography of significant articles important to the development in this field. More technical secondary article; written for scientists, not general public

11. Reading the Primary Article Abstract: Summary of paper Introduction: Putting research into context of what’s been done before Methods/Results: Technical descriptions Discussion: Describes what researchers found and why References for developing research

12. Practice session on identifying article types DO NOT WRITE ON THE YELLOW HANDOUTS!! Article 1: Creatine kinase shapes up Article 2: The development of mitochondrial medicine Article 3: An Essential Role for Katanin in Severing Microtubules in the Neuron Article 4: Essential role of the mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor in programmed cell death Article 5: The Ribosome in Action Article 6: Length of the Flagellar Hook and the Capacity of the Type III Export Apparatus

13. Reading the Primary Article: 2 Replace technical words with general terms: Example title: “Structure of (F1-ATPase) in mitochondria”. F1-ATPase is an enzyme; that’s what the article is about not about an organelle or cell function. Example title: “Concentration of Intracellular Hepatic Apolipoprotein E in Golgi Apparatus”. This is about a protein concentrated in the golgi apparatus and in endosomes, not Golgi Apparatus. Read the article 5 times to really GET IT.

14. Hints about primary article searching: Use Science Direct, Wiley Interscience, or Kluwer online full text resources Go to website of the journal Cell Browse the paper issues of Cell, Journal of Cell Biology, Journal of Bacteriology Be aware of gene and protein articles; they are common, but NOT about cells

15. Finding the review article Use ScienceDirect and search for your topic word(s) or phrase along with “Trends in”, “Review of”, “Progress in”, or “Current Opinion in” in the journal name Browse the paper issues of Review of Medical Microbiology

16. Library’s Home Page Click on “Search your topic”

17. Select Biology from pull-down menu Research Databases Page

18. Select Science Direct

19. ScienceDirect: Click on Search Click on Search to begin

20. ScienceDirect: Click on Journals Click on Journals

21. Enter term(s) Select Biological Sciences Set date range Click on Search ScienceDirect: Search Screen

22. Currently sorted by date vs. relevance ScienceDirect: Search Results

23. Title we’ll look at… 3 display formats Science Direct: Entry #91

24. Format currently displayed Article type ScienceDirect: SummaryPlus

25. Science Direct: Abstract Search term(s) are highlighted in red

26. “mitochondria”, “review”, and All Sciences retrieves 185 articles Science Direct: Review “Trends” and “Progress” in the journal title are clues that these publications contain review articles

27. In summary format you get abstract, graphics, references Science Direct: Thumbnail

28. Graphic from previous screen enlarged by clicking icon Science Direct: Graphic

29. Research or Review Article? Would this article qualify to be used for your review article assignment?

30. Note the sections Note the major sections in the article outline

31. Other full text resources Blackwell Synergy Kluwer ProQuest PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/PubMed/ Wiley Interscience Wilson Select 2 nd floor of the library has bound and recently received journals available. They are filed alphabetically by title.

32. The Handouts My name and contact information Selected Primary Journals Hints for searching Distinguishing between Primary and Secondary articles Analyzing Scientific Research Cell with organelles Off-campus access to library resources