1. Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology

2. The main players:  Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (1849-1936) Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov  John Broadus Watson (1878-1956) John Broadus Watson  B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) B.F. Skinner

3. Who influenced Pavlov?  The physiological work of William Beaumont (1785-1853) William Beaumont  An expanded concept of reflex to explain higher functions of thinking, willing, judging -pioneered by Sechenov (1829-1905) Sechenov  The ideas of Descartes (1596-1650) about reflexes Descartes

4. Pavlov’s work:  Work on the digestive system. Nobel price in 1904  Notices “mental secretions” -anticipated responses of the animals becoming familiar to the setting.  Studied these “mental secretions” -they become what we know as “conditioned reflex”.

5. Important concepts Pavlov brought us  The whole notion of conditioned reflex  Concepts of generalization, differentiation, excitation, inhibition, higher level conditioning  Concept of experimental neurosis

6. Pavlov today? Visit the Pavlov Institute of Physiology in RussiaPavlov Institute of Physiology

7. Who influenced Watson?  Reacts against Wundt and James -and their followers such as John Dewey  Infuenced by Loeb (tropisms) and Henry Donaldson (white rat neurology) -studied the myelinization of white rat nervous system & consequent changes in the complexity of their behavior.  Pavlov

8. Watson’s main contributions  Official founder of behaviorism as an independent and valid approach to psychology  Is a radical behaviorist  Introduces the notion of conditioned emotional response (little Albert)  Three emotions: fear, rage, love -all emotional life built on those  Applies this to advertising

9. B. F. Skinner Who influenced him?  Bertrand Russel’s (a British philosopher) discussion of J. B. Watson’s book on behaviorism. (Then, Watson himself)  H.G. Wells article on G. Bernard Shaw and Pavlov (Then Pavlov himself)

10. What were Skinner’s main contributions ? contributions  Developed the Skinner box as a way to study operant behavior.  Important concepts: operant conditioning, reinforcement, contingencies of reinforcement, reinforcement schedules, discrimination learning, programmed instruction.  Developed the social implications of his theory.

11. A Skinner page by undergraduate students  http://www.wabash.edu/depart/psych/Courses/P sych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/Skinner/h ammondk/ http://www.wabash.edu/depart/psych/Courses/P sych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/Skinner/h ammondk/

12. The End