1. Mastering NT Greek 19. Present Participles By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic

2. Warm-ups

3. 2-1-2 Paradigms 2 1 2 2 1 2 lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n lo<gou grafh?j i[erou? lo<g& graf^? i[er&? lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<n lo<goi grafai< i[era< lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?n lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era< lo<goj grafh< i[ero<n lo<gou grafh?j i[erou? lo<g& graf^? i[er&? lo<gon grafh<n i[ero<n lo<goi grafai< i[era< lo<gwn grafw?n i[erw?n lo<goij grafai?j i[eroi?j lo<gouj grafa<j i[era<

4. 3 rd Declension Chantables xari<j o@noma, pi<stij xari<j o@noma, pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<rij o@noma pi<stij xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<ritoj o]no<matoj pi<stewj xa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<riti o]no<mati pi<stei xa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<rita o@noma pi<stin xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritej o]no<mata pi<steij xari<twn o]noma<twn pi<stewn xari<twn o]noma<twn pi<stewn xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) pi<stesi(n) xa<risi(n) o]no<masi(n) pi<stesi(n) xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij xa<ritaj o]no<mata pi<steij

5. Rapping the Lord’s Prayer Pa o@noma qe o@noma qe<lhma< sou, let be will your

6. Rapping the Lord’s Prayer w[j e]n ou]ran&? kai> e]pi> gh?j: as in heaven also on earth to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread our e]piou j h[mi?n sh e]pi> gh?j: as in heaven also on earth to>n a@rton h[mw?n to>n the bread our e]piou j h[mi?n sh<meron: daily give us today

7. Rapping the Lord’s Prayer kai> a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh h[mei?j a]fh a@fej h[mi?n ta> o]feilh h[mei?j a]fh<kamen as also we have forgiven toi?j o]feile<taij h[mw?n the ones trespassing us

8. Present Active Indicative Verbs lu<w lu<omen lu<eij lu<ete lu<ei lu<ousi(n) lu<w lu<omen lu<eij lu<ete lu<ei lu<ousi(n)

9. Present Middle/Passive Indicative lu<omai, -o<meqa, lu<omai, -o<meqa, -^, -esqe, -^, -esqe, -etai, -ontai -etai, -ontai I loose myself, I am loosed

10. Shape of the Future in Greek lu<sw lu<somen I will loose We will loose lu<seij lu<sete You will loose You all will loose lu<sei lu<sousi(n) He/she/it will loose They will loose lu<sw lu<somen I will loose We will loose lu<seij lu<sete You will loose You all will loose lu<sei lu<sousi(n) He/she/it will loose They will loose

11. Future Middle Paradigm lu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --etai --ontai lu<somai --omeqa --^ --esqe --etai --ontai I will loose for myself I will loose for myself

12. Imperfect Active Paradigm of lu<w e@luon I was loosing e@luon e]lu<omen e@luej e]lu<ete e@lue(n) e@luon e@luon I was loosing e@luon e]lu<omen e@luej e]lu<ete e@lue(n) e@luon Chant: e@luon : n s e men te n Chant: e@luon : n s e men te n

13. Imperfect Middle/Passive of lu<w e]luo<mhn I was being loosed e]luo<mhn I was being loosed e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<eto e]lu<onto e]luo<mhn e]luo<meqa e]lu<ou e]lu<esqe e]lu<eto e]lu<onto Chant: e]luo<mhn : ou eto omeqa esqe onto Chant: e]luo<mhn : ou eto omeqa esqe onto

14. Second Aorist Active Paradigm e@labon (lamba<nw) I took e@labon (lamba<nw) I took 1 e@labon e]la<bomen 2 e@labej e]la<bete 3 e@labe(n) e@labon 1 e@labon e]la<bomen 2 e@labej e]la<bete 3 e@labe(n) e@labon Chant : e@labon n, s, e, men, te, n Chant : e@labon n, s, e, men, te, n

15. Second Aorist Middle e]geno<mhn I became (gi<nomai) e]geno<mhn I became (gi<nomai) 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto 1 e]geno<mhn e]geno<meqa 2 e]ge<nou e]ge<nesqe 3 e]ge<neto e]ge<nonto Chant: e]geno<mhn ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, onto Chant: e]geno<mhn ou, eto, omeqa, esqe, onto

16. 1st Aorist Active Paradigm e@lusa I loosed e@lusa I loosed e@lusa e]lu<samen e@lusaj e]lu<sate e@luse(n) e@lusan e@lusa e]lu<samen e@lusaj e]lu<sate e@luse(n) e@lusan Chant: e@lusa --, s, e, men, te, n Chant: e@lusa --, s, e, men, te, n

17. 1st Aorist Middle Paradigm e]lusa<mhn I loosed (for myself) e]lusa<mhn I loosed (for myself) e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqa e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusato e@lusanto e]lusa<mhn e]lusa<meqa e@lusw e]lu<sasqe e@lusato e@lusanto Chant: e]lusa<mhn : w, ato, ameqa, asqe, anto

18. First Aorist Passives e]lu<qhn I was loosed e]lu<qhn I was loosed 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen 2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan 1 e]lu<qhn e]lu<qhmen 2 e]lu<qhj e]lu<qhte 3 e]lu<qh e]lu<qhsan Chant: e]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, san Chant: e]lu<qhn n, s, --, men, te, san

19. Future Passive luqh<somai I will be loosed luqh<somai I will be loosed 1. luqh<somai luqhso<meqa 1. luqh<somai luqhso<meqa 2. luqh<s^ luqh<sesqe 2. luqh<s^ luqh<sesqe 3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai 3. luqh<setai luqh<sontai Chant: luqh<somai – Chant: luqh<somai – ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai ^, etai, omeqa, esqe, ontai

20. Aorist Stem Changes -- 9 to know o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) – ble<pw o[ra<w == ei#don (I saw) – ble<pw e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) e@rxomai == h#lqon (I came, went) le<gw == ei#pon (I said) le<gw == ei#pon (I said) ba<llw == e@balon (I threw) ba<llw == e@balon (I threw) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) gi<nomai == e]geno<mhn (I became) ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew) ginw<skw == e@gnwn (I knew) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) eu[ri<skw == eu$ron (I found) e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) e@xw == e@sxon ( I had) lamba<nw == e@labon (I took) lamba<nw == e@labon (I took)

21. The "is" verb PAI -- ei]mi< ei]mi< I am e]sme<n We are ei# You are e]ste< You are e]sti<(n) He/she/it is ei]si<(n) They are ei]mi< I am e]sme<n We are ei# You are e]ste< You are e]sti<(n) He/she/it is ei]si<(n) They are

22. The "was" verb IAI -- ei]mi< h@mhn I was h#men We were h#j You were h#te You were h#n He/she/it was h#san They were h@mhn I was h#men We were h#j You were h#te You were h#n He/she/it was h#san They were

23. Person Personal Pronoun Chant Singular Plural Singular Plural Nom. e]gw< su < h[mei?j Nom. e]gw< su < h[mei?j Gen. mou sou h[mw?n Dat. moi soi h[mi?n Acc. me se h[ma<j Gen. mou sou h[mw?n Dat. moi soi h[mi?n Acc. me se h[ma<j au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it) au]to<j, au]th, au]to< (he, she, it)

24. Perfect Active Paradigm le<luka I have loosed le<luka I have loosed 1) le<luka lelu<kamen I have loosed We have loosed 1) le<luka lelu<kamen I have loosed We have loosed 2) le<lukaj lelu<kate you have loosed You all have loosed 2) le<lukaj lelu<kate you have loosed You all have loosed 3) le<luke(n) lelu<kasi(n) He/she/it has loosed They have loosed 3) le<luke(n) lelu<kasi(n) He/she/it has loosed They have loosed Chant: le<luka --, j, e, men, te, si Chant: le<luka --, j, e, men, te, si

25. Perfect Middle/Passive Paradigm lelukumai I have been loosed lelukumai I have been loosed 1) le<lumai lelu<meqa I have been loosed We have been loosed 1) le<lumai lelu<meqa I have been loosed We have been loosed 2) le<lusai lelu<sqe You have been loosed You have been loosed 2) le<lusai lelu<sqe You have been loosed You have been loosed 3) le<lutai lelu<ntai He/she/it has been loosed They have been loosed 3) le<lutai lelu<ntai He/she/it has been loosed They have been loosed Learn: le<lumai sai, tai, meqa, sqe, ntai Learn: le<lumai sai, tai, meqa, sqe, ntai

26. Present Participles

27. English Participle Concepts Participle is a verbal adjective usually formed in English by adding -ing to a verb. Participle is a verbal adjective usually formed in English by adding -ing to a verb.  walk -- walking  sit -- sitting  run -- running

28. 3 Participle Uses:  The hard part of the participle is not the forms but the ways in which it is translated.  1) Adjectival use: acts like an adjective  2) Adverbial use: acts like an adverb modifying the verb  3) Substantive use: acts like a noun

29. 3 Participle Uses: Adjective Verbal Adjective: when the participle modifies a noun.  She found the book lying on the table  "Lying on the table" tells which book it was—Adjective-like usage  She spoke to the child sitting on the couch  “sitting on the couch" identifies which child—Adjective-like usage

30. 3 Participle Uses: Adjective The adjectival use often takes the definite article. The adjectival use often takes the definite article. The adjectival use modifies a noun. The adjectival use modifies a noun.

31. 3 Participle Uses: Adverb Adverbial usage: Adverbial participle usage modifies the verb in some way. Adverbial usage: Adverbial participle usage modifies the verb in some way. Present: use "while" + participle (ptc) Present: use "while" + participle (ptc)  While running to the store, he hit the deer.  Tells when he "hit" --same time as verb

32. 3 Participle Uses: Adverb Aorist: use "after" + participle (ptc) Aorist: use "after" + participle (ptc)  After running to the store, he hit the deer--before the action of the verb Adverbial use is anarthrous (no article) Adverbial use is anarthrous (no article)

33. 3 Participle Uses: Substantive Substantival: when there is no noun to modify a participle it by itself may stand in as a substantive (noun type) Substantival: when there is no noun to modify a participle it by itself may stand in as a substantive (noun type) The one who is coming, knows my brother. The one who is coming, knows my brother. He saw the ones speaking to the crowd He saw the ones speaking to the crowd Substantive usually is translated using "one who,“ “she who,” “he who” Substantive usually is translated using "one who,“ “she who,” “he who”

34. 3 Uses of the Participle Adjectival + Def. Article = the sitting lad Adjectival + Def. Article = the sitting lad Adverbial (no article) = while sitting the lad Adverbial (no article) = while sitting the lad Substantival (no noun) = The one sitting Substantival (no noun) = The one sitting

35. Participles verbal and noun parts Like a verb, participles take: tense and voice. Like a verb, participles take: tense and voice. Like a noun, they take: gender, number, and case. Like a noun, they take: gender, number, and case.

36. Present Active Ptc Formation Masc: Stem + ont + Noun endings (3) lu + ont + oj = lu<ontoj Masc: Stem + ont + Noun endings (3) lu + ont + oj = lu<ontoj Fem: Stem + ouj + Noun endings (1) lu + ouj + hj = luou<shj Fem: Stem + ouj + Noun endings (1) lu + ouj + hj = luou<shj Uses a 3 - 1- 3 noun ending pattern Uses a 3 - 1- 3 noun ending pattern The key for identifying a present participle is the ont or ouj. The key for identifying a present participle is the ont or ouj.

37. Present Active Ptc Paradigm 3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem Neut Singular Masc Fem Neut Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Dat. lu<onti lu<ous^ lu<onti Acc. lu<onta lu<ousan lu?on Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Dat. lu<onti lu<ous^ lu<onti Acc. lu<onta lu<ousan lu?on 3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv.) 3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv.)

38. Present Active Ptc Paradigm 3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem Neut Plural Masc Fem Neut Nom. lu<ontej lu<ousai lu<onta Gen. luo<ntwn luousw?n luo<ntwn Dat. lu<ousi(n) luou<saij lu<ousi(n) Acc. lu<ontaj luou<saj lu<onta Nom. lu<ontej lu<ousai lu<onta Gen. luo<ntwn luousw?n luo<ntwn Dat. lu<ousi(n) luou<saij lu<ousi(n) Acc. lu<ontaj luou<saj lu<onta The key to mastering the participles is mastering the 3 usages. The key to mastering the participles is mastering the 3 usages. 3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv.) 3 uses: loosing (Adj.), one who is loosing (Subst.), while loosing (Adv.)

39. Present Ptc. Chant Present Active: ptc. = participle Present Active: ptc. = participle Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj

40. Middle/Passive Participles Form: Stem + omen + Noun ending (2-1-2) Form: Stem + omen + Noun ending (2-1-2) lu + omen + oj = luo<menoj lu + omen + oj = luo<menoj These are easily recognized. The paradigm is follows the simple 2-1-2 form. These are easily recognized. The paradigm is follows the simple 2-1-2 form. Usually translated passive (being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)) unless deponent in which case it is translated active. Usually translated passive (being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)) unless deponent in which case it is translated active.

41. Present Middle/Passive Ptc 2 1 2 2 1 2 Singular Masc Fem Neut Singular Masc Fem Neut Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou Dat. luome<n& luome<n^ luome<n& Acc. luo<menon luome<nhn luo<menon Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou Dat. luome<n& luome<n^ luome<n& Acc. luo<menon luome<nhn luo<menon being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.) being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)

42. Present Middle/Passive Ptc 2 1 2 2 1 2 Plural Masc Fem Neut Plural Masc Fem Neut Nom. luo<menoi luo<menai luo<mena Gen. luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwn Dat. luome<noij luome<naij luome<noij Acc. luome<nouj luome<naj luo<mena Nom. luo<menoi luo<menai luo<mena Gen. luome<nwn luome<nwn luome<nwn Dat. luome<noij luome<naij luome<noij Acc. luome<nouj luome<naj luo<mena being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.) being loosed (Adj.), one who is being loosed (Subst.), while being loosed (Adv.)

43. Chanting the PA and PM/P Participle Present Active: ptc = participle Present Active: ptc = participle Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Nom. lu<wn lu<ousa lu?on Gen. lu<ontoj lu<oushj lu<ontoj Present Middle/Passive Present Middle/Passive Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou Nom. luo<menoj luome<nh luo<menon Gen. luome<nou luome<nhj luome<nou

44. Future Participles Rare (12x in NT) and predictable just insert a future s Rare (12x in NT) and predictable just insert a future s lu + s + ontoj = lu<sontoj lu + s + ontoj = lu<sontoj lu + s + oushj = lusou<shj lu + s + oushj = lusou<shj Will be loosing (Adj.), while loosing (Adv.), one who will be loosing (Subst.) Will be loosing (Adj.), while loosing (Adv.), one who will be loosing (Subst.)

45. Present Participle of ei]mi< 3 1 3 3 1 3 Singular Masc Fem Neut Singular Masc Fem Neut Nom. w@n ou#sa o@n Gen. o@ntoj ou@shj o@ntoj Dat. o@nti ou@s^ o@nti Acc. o@nta ou#san o@n Nom. w@n ou#sa o@n Gen. o@ntoj ou@shj o@ntoj Dat. o@nti ou@s^ o@nti Acc. o@nta ou#san o@n Piece of cake: just take the 3-1-3 endings, = “being” Piece of cake: just take the 3-1-3 endings, = “being” How are w@n and o@n different from the relative pronoun? How are w@n and o@n different from the relative pronoun?

46. Present Participle of ei]mi< 3 1 3 3 1 3 Plural Masc Fem Neut Plural Masc Fem Neut Nom. o@ntej ou#sai o@nta Gen. o@ntwn ou]sw?n o@ntwn Dat. ou#si(n) ou@saij ou#si(n) Acc. o@ntaj ou@saj o@nta Nom. o@ntej ou#sai o@nta Gen. o@ntwn ou]sw?n o@ntwn Dat. ou#si(n) ou@saij ou#si(n) Acc. o@ntaj ou@saj o@nta Participles are negated with mh< ( not ou]) Participles are negated with mh< ( not ou])

47. Chapter 19 Vocabulary a]kolouqe<w a]kolouqe<w  I follow

48. Chapter 19 Vocabulary e]nw<pion e]nw<pion  before

49. Chapter 19 Vocabulary qa<lassa, -hj, h[ qa<lassa, -hj, h[  sea, lake

50. Chapter 19 Vocabulary ka<qhmai ka<qhmai  I sit

51. Chapter 19 Vocabulary kairo<j, -ou?, o[ kairo<j, -ou?, o[  time

52. Chapter 19 Vocabulary ou@te ou@te  and not, nor, neither

53. Chapter 19 Vocabulary pi<ptw pi<ptw  I fall

54. Chapter 19 Vocabulary pou<j, podo<j, o[ pou<j, podo<j, o[  foot

55. Chapter 19 Vocabulary prose<rxomai prose<rxomai  I come/go to

56. Chapter 19 Vocabulary proseu<xomai proseu<xomai  I pray

57. Chapter 19 Vocabulary a]kolouqe<w a]kolouqe<w  I follow e]nw<pion e]nw<pion  before qa<lassa, -hj, h[ qa<lassa, -hj, h[  sea, lake ka<qhmai ka<qhmai  I sit kairo<j, -ou?, o[ kairo<j, -ou?, o[  time

58. Chapter 19 Vocabulary ou@te ou@te  and not, nor, neither pi<ptw pi<ptw  I fall pou<j, podo<j, o[ pou<j, podo<j, o[  foot prose<rxomai prose<rxomai  I come/go to proseu<xomai proseu<xomai  I pray

59. Vocabulary Review

60. Chapter 15 Vocabulary a@lloj, -h, -o a@lloj, -h, -o  other a@rtoj, -ou, o[ a@rtoj, -ou, o[  bread dei? dei?  it is necessary e]cousi<a, -aj, h[ e]cousi<a, -aj, h[  authority e!teroj, -a, -on e!teroj, -a, -on  different

61. Chapter 15 Vocabulary e@ti e@ti  yet, still o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[ o]fqalmo<j, -ou?, o[  eye te<knon, -ou, to< te<knon, -ou, to<  child to<poj, -ou, o[ to<poj, -ou, o[  place fw?j, fwto<j, to< fw?j, fwto<j, to<  light

62. Chapter 13 Vocabulary a]nh<r, a]ndro<j, o[ a]nh<r, a]ndro<j, o[  man, husband basileu<j, -e<wj, o[ basileu<j, -e<wj, o[  king du<namij, -ewj, h[ du<namij, -ewj, h[  power, miracle o@noma, -matoj, to< o@noma, -matoj, to<  name pa?j, pa?sa, pa?n pa?j, pa?sa, pa?n  each, every, all

63. Chapter 13 Vocabulary path<r, patro<j, o[ path<r, patro<j, o[  father pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[ pi<stij, pi<stewj, h[  faith, belief pneu?ma, -atoj, to< pneu?ma, -atoj, to<  spirit, wind sa<rc, sarko<j, h[ sa<rc, sarko<j, h[  flesh, body xa<rij, -itoj, h[ xa<rij, -itoj, h[  grace, kindness

64. Chapter 14 Vocabulary ai$ma, -matoj, to< ai$ma, -matoj, to<  blood ai@rw ai@rw  I raise, take up dida<skw dida<skw  I teach i@dioj, -a, -on i@dioj, -a, -on  one's own kalo<j, -h<, -o<n kalo<j, -h<, -o<n  good

65. Chapter 14 Vocabulary me<llw me<llw  I am about to, intend o[do<j, -ou?, h[ o[do<j, -ou?, h[  way polu<j, pollh<, polu< polu<j, pollh<, polu<  much, many sw?ma, -matoj, to< sw?ma, -matoj, to<  body yuxh<, -h?j, h[ yuxh<, -h?j, h[  soul, life

66. Chapter 16 Vocabulary ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[ ai]w<n, -w?noj, o[  age, eternity a]llh<lwn a]llh<lwn  one another a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[ a]rxiereu<j, -e<wj, o[  high priest gunh<, -aiko<j, h[ gunh<, -aiko<j, h[  woman du<namai du<namai  I can, am able

67. Chapter 16 Vocabulary e@qnoj, -ouj, to< e@qnoj, -ouj, to<  nation o!soj, -h, -on o!soj, -h, -on  as great as po<lij, -ewj, h[ po<lij, -ewj, h[  city te te  and, and so xei<r, xeiro<j, h[ xei<r, xeiro<j, h[  hand

68. Chapter 17 Vocabulary ei] ei]  if, that e]sqi<w e]sqi<w  I eat (158) za<w za<w  I live (140) zhte<w zhte<w  I seek (117) h@ h@  or, either (343)

69. Chapter 17 Vocabulary kale<w kale<w  I call (148) lale<w lale<w  I speak, say (296) parakale<w parakale<w  I urge, exhort (109) plhro<w plhro<w  I fill, complete (86) poie<w poie<w  I do, make (568)

70. Chapter 18 Vocabulary genna<w genna<w I beget I beget dikaiosu<nh, -hj, h[ dikaiosu<nh, -hj, h[ righteousness righteousness e]a<n e]a<n if, when if, when ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ ei]rh<nh, -hj, h[ peace peace oi#da oi#da I know I know

71. Chapter 18 Vocabulary oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ oi]ki<a, -aj, h[ house house o[ra<w o[ra<w I see I see peripate<w peripate<w I walk I walk pw?j pw?j how? how? fobe<omai fobe<omai I fear I fear