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Two Species System n y ’ = rn y - an y n d –r = independent prey population increase rate –a = effect of predator on prey population n d ’ = bn y n d - dn d –d = predator population mortality rate –b = effect of prey on predator population
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Two Species System
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Three Species System n’ i = c i + i -1 i=1 j a ij n i n j c i = independent population growth (species i) a ij = effect of interaction (between i and j) on population i i = Lotka-Volterra “equivalence” numbers
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Three Species System
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