1. Lesson Two Kinds of Test and Testing

2. Contents Proficiency Test Achievement Test Diagnostic Test Placement Test Three Contrasting Paris of Test Concepts Three Contrasting Paris of Test Concepts

3. Proficiency Test Test on general ability: not focused on one particular course. Language proficiency test: TOEFL  To see if the test taker has sufficient command of the language.  Regardless of any previous training.

4. Achievement Test Generally based on a particular course.  Final exam, JCEE (controversial though) Test content: based on the course content, syllabus, textbooks and course objectives. Can be further divided into:  Final achievement test: final examination  Progress achievement test: midterm examination or quizzes

5. Diagnostic Test Aims to find out the learner’s problems, learning difficulties and/or strengths. Helps to understand the student and provide necessary help or avoid repetition. Can be combined with progress tests. Recognizes the learner’s strengths and weaknesses.

6. Placement Test To assign students into appropriate levels. Group students according to their ability.

7. Three Contrasting Pairs of Testing Concepts Direct vs. Indirect Testing Discrete-Point vs. Integrative Testing Discrete-Point vs. Integrative Testing Subjective vs. Objective Testing

8. Direct vs. Indirect Testing Direct Testing  Requiring testees to perform precisely the skill which we wish to measure; straight forward testing of a particular ability (e.g., using a composition test to measure the test taker’s writing ability). Indirect Testing  Testing one ability indirectly (e.g. testing a person’s writing ability by using an error identification test).

9. Discrete-Point vs. Integrative Testing Discrete-Point Testing  Testing only one element at a time, item by item.  Almost all the discrete point tests are also indirect tests.  e.g., mutlitple-choice on a grammatical point Integrative Testing  Testing several fields/skills at the same time; requiring testees to combine many language elements in the completion of a task (and tend to be a direct test)  e.g., dictation

10. Subjective vs. Objective Based on the SCORING method of a test Subjective  Answers are decided and set prior to test taking; no human judgment required  e.g., multiple-choice questions Objective  Human judgment involved  e.g., composition tests