1. A Science of Education: Psychological Pedagogy G. Stanley Hall wrote “The Contents of Children’s Minds” 1883 Psychology introduced as a topic in 1891 National Education Association meeting Hall spearheaded “child study movement at Clark University with local teachers Use of surveys and questionnaires New Journal: Pedagogical Seminary 1891 Child Study Clinic at Yale opened 1911 under Arnold Gesell

2. The Otherworldly Self: The Porous Boundaries between Psychical Research and Scientific Psychology

3. Second Great Awakening: 1790s-1840s Religious Revival Movement, with Large Camp Meetings and Itinerant Preachers Stressed Personal Experience for Spiritual Rebirth Reforming Tendencies (led to suffragist, abolitionist movements) Collection of the New York Historical Society, New York, City, negative no. 26275

4. Spiritualism – in NY State, 1848 The Fox House The Fox Sisters Margaret Kate Leah

5. Typical Séance

6. Séance Participants, courtesy of the Connecticut State Library

7. Table-Tilting

8. “The Medium and Daybreak” 1875 Spiritualist Publication

9. The Mumler Case: Spirit Photographs? Mrs. French with her spirit son

10. 1.Mr. DOBBS, at the request of his Affianced, sits for his Photograph. Unconsciously happens in at MUMLER'S. 2. Result--Portrait of DOBBS, with his Five Deceased Wives in Spirituo!!! Harper's Weekly, May 8, 1869

11. Spirit Photograph, with a Medium, from Lombroso, After Death What? (1908)

12. FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH (1882) Edmund Gurney, Henry Sedgwick & Frederick Myers By 1895, the SPR claimed 900 members

13. Eleanor Sidgwick Mathematician and member of the SPR The SPR claimed that their research did not “imply the acceptance of any particular explanation of the phenomena investigated, nor any belief as to the operation in the physical world, of forces other than those recognized by Physical Science.”

14. Amateur Thought-Reading Illustrated London News(1889) from Noakes, 2004

15. Experiment in Thought-Transference From “Third Report On thought-transference” Society for Psychical Research (1882-1883) Upper right drawing original From Noakes, 2004

16. Frederick Myers, Society of Psychical Research—1890s Subliminal Self: layer of the self just below consciousness, evidenced by trance, hypnotism and automatic writing. Emanations from this self were not abnormal, and could even be supernormal, or from a wiser self, beyond the everyday, narrow self (examples were Joan of Arc and Socrates).

17. Eusapia Palladino (1854-1918) CESARE LOMBROSO (1835-1909)

18. Experiments with Cardiographs, and Recording Cylinder From, Lombroso, After Death, What? (1908)

19. Table Levitation Luminous Bands in Séances From Cesare Lombroso, After Death, What? (1908)

20. Leonore Piper, Medium (1857-1950)

21. Mina “Margery” Crandon (1888-1941) and Walter Prince (from Amer. Soc. Psych. Res.)

22. Debunking “Margery” the Medium Prince, Bird, Margery Houdini (left to right) Bird on floor from Spirit shove

23. Overview of Founding of Psychological Societies British Society for Psychical Research, founded 1882. American Society for Psychical Research, founded 1884 -- in 1887 formed a committee on experimental psychology. American Psychological Association founded in 1892.

24. Exposure of a medium masquerading as a materialized spirit from Graphic (1879)