1. Nuclear Research Activities NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPE TECHNOLOGIES RM VALCEA May, 2006

2. GENERAL PRESENTATION OF ICIT MAIN ACTIVITIES : Equilibrium research and isotopes separation (tritium, deuterium), including industrials pilot plants level; Equilibrium research and isotopes separation (tritium, deuterium), including industrials pilot plants level; Equilibrium research and gases separation process, purification technologies and highly recuperative system; Equilibrium research and gases separation process, purification technologies and highly recuperative system; Cryogenic installation and technologies for separation, purification and gases liquefaction (argon, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen); Cryogenic installation and technologies for separation, purification and gases liquefaction (argon, helium, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen); NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

3. GENERAL PRESENTATION OF ICIT MAIN ACTIVITIES : Technologies for heavy water separation, technical analysis and tritium analysis; Technologies for heavy water separation, technical analysis and tritium analysis; Turbo molecular pumps, vacuum accessories, membranes compressors, cryogenic pumps; Turbo molecular pumps, vacuum accessories, membranes compressors, cryogenic pumps; Heavy water etalons, depleted water; Heavy water etalons, depleted water; Risk studies for chemical and petrochemical plants; Risk studies for chemical and petrochemical plants; Static and dynamic equilibration analysis. Static and dynamic equilibration analysis. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

4. Cryogenic Resilience Experimental Stand Cryogenic Resilience Experimental Stand NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

5. WHY TRF IN ROMANIA ? Rising the tritium level in heavy water from CERNAVODA NPP (>32 Ci/kg in 2005) Rising the tritium level in heavy water from CERNAVODA NPP (>32 Ci/kg in 2005) Environment and human contamination risk Environment and human contamination risk New requirements in 2007 after Romania join EU New requirements in 2007 after Romania join EU Tritium application for fusion technologies – Romania can offer tritium for fusion reactor Tritium application for fusion technologies – Romania can offer tritium for fusion reactor NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA Tritium Removal Facility

6. Background Background ICIT experience in catalyst manufacture; ICIT experience in catalyst manufacture; ICIT experience in technological processes of catalytic exchange; ICIT experience in technological processes of catalytic exchange; Operating and perfection of isotopic catalytic exchange plant for last 20 years; Operating and perfection of isotopic catalytic exchange plant for last 20 years; Technological equipment and analysis systems. Technological equipment and analysis systems. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA Tritium Removal Facility Tritium Removal Facility

7. Technologies for tritium separation developed by ICIT Technologies for tritium separation developed by ICIT NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

8. Tritium Removal Facility Tritium Removal Facility Basic Design Basic Design NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

9. Implementing the technology WHERE? CNE PROD Cernavoda (or any CANDU) ITER NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA Tritium Removal Facility Tritium Removal Facility

10. Inside View of Pilot Plant For Deuterium and Tritium Separation NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA

11. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA ICIT PILOT PLANT Catalytic isotopic exchange tritiated heavy water - deuterium, followed by cryogenic distillation P IEC CD Tritiated Feed Water Tritium Depleted Water D 2 Tritium Analysis System MONITORING AND SAFETY SYSTEMS Links between experimental modules for Tritium and Deuterium Separation Pilot Plant Tritium Storage System HR CD 1 Boiler O 2 Purifier Electrolyser H 2 O, HTO H 2, HTLPCE Column Heater Condenser Boiler H2OH2O O2O2 CD2 H2H2 HR – Helium refrigerator CD1, CD2 – Cryogenic distillation Potential combination of WDS and ISS at ITER WDS / ITER: LPCE ELECTROLYSES (PERMEATION) CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION WDS / ICIT LPCE PURIFICATION CRYOGENIC DISTILLATION EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM LINKS BETWEEN WDS FOR ITER AND ICIT – WDS SYSTEM

12. SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR HYDROGEN ISOTOPES SYSTEM FOR TRITIUM EXTRACTION FROM TRITIATED HEAVY WATER SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR HYDROGEN ISOTOPES SYSTEM FOR TRITIUM EXTRACTION FROM TRITIATED HEAVY WATER(TWO-TRIT/REM) OPTIMISATION OF THE RATIO PACKAGE/CATALYST FOR THE SIMULTANEOUSTRANSFER OF TRITIUM AND DEUTERIUM IN A WATER DETRITIATION FACILITY OPTIMISATION OF THE RATIO PACKAGE/CATALYST FOR THE SIMULTANEOUSTRANSFER OF TRITIUM AND DEUTERIUM IN A WATER DETRITIATION FACILITY(JW0-FT-2.1) STUDIES ON TRITIUM PERMEATION INTO VARIOUS MATERIALS AS A FUNCTION OF GAS COMPOSITION, PARTIAL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE (UT 4) STUDIES ON TRITIUM PERMEATION INTO VARIOUS MATERIALS AS A FUNCTION OF GAS COMPOSITION, PARTIAL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE (UT 4) ENDURANCE TEST FOR THE CATALYST-PACKING MIXTURE PROPOSED FOR WATER DETRITIATION SYSTEM AT JET USING SCK-CEN MIXTURE ENDURANCE TEST FOR THE CATALYST-PACKING MIXTURE PROPOSED FOR WATER DETRITIATION SYSTEM AT JET USING SCK-CEN MIXTURE (JW4 – FT – 2.20) NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM

13. Application of ICIT work: Heavy Water Detritiation Systems at CANDU/JET/ITER Tritium technologies Potential beneficiaries: - - Tritium Removal Facility in Romania - - Detritiation technology applied at CNE PROD Cernavoda - - EUROPEAN COMMUNITY Fusion Nuclear Research Programs NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM

14. Development of a PRM (Project Resource Management) and Standard Parts Catalogues in CATIA V5 for Tritium–containing System and Components for the WDS – ITER system Potential beneficiaries: - EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ITER - Fusion Technology NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM New task: Mechanical design package. Development of ITER PRM and Standard Parts Catalogues in CATIA V5 for Tritium-containing System and Components. TW5-TTFD-TPI-51

15. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA EURATOM - FUSION PROGRAM Parts selection mechanism in CATIA V5Example of automatic Part Placement Example of a P&ID Compressor Function in P&ID

16. Conceptual Design: overall diagnostics system, including gamma-ray tomography; Conceptual Design: neutron attenuators; Conceptual design: vacuum and in-vessel components; Conceptual design: pure water circuit, mechanical design, automation and remote control; Conceptual design: pure water circuit, water purity and radiochemical analysis. Beneficiaries: - EUROPEAN COMMUNITY - JET Operator NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA EURATOM Upgrade of gamma-ray cameras -neutron attenuators. Conceptual design. NUC - INT (FUS) / F7

17. Potential beneficiaries: - EUROPEAN COMMUNITY JET and ITER - Fusion Technology Potential beneficiaries: - EUROPEAN COMMUNITY JET and ITER - Fusion Technology NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA EURATOM FUTURE TRENDS: Detailed design of a “Tritium Concentrator” to be upgraded to water detritiation system for JET – FZK Karlsruhe/JET Operator;Detailed design of a “Tritium Concentrator” to be upgraded to water detritiation system for JET – FZK Karlsruhe/JET Operator; “Coolant purification subsystem in the TBM” – FZK Karlsruhe;“Coolant purification subsystem in the TBM” – FZK Karlsruhe;

18. IAEA TECHNICAL COOPERATION SAFETY SYSTEMS AND TRITIUM MONITORING FOR CERNAVODA NPP OBJECTIVES: Monitoring of tritium concetration in adsorbant materials (moleculare sieves, catalysts, columns packages); Monitoring of tritium concetration in adsorbant materials (moleculare sieves, catalysts, columns packages); Purification systems by selective adsorbants at cryogenic temperatures ; Purification systems by selective adsorbants at cryogenic temperatures ; Implementation of the monitoring tritium system for the “Experimental Pilot Plant for Tritium and Deuterium Separation” Implementation of the monitoring tritium system for the “Experimental Pilot Plant for Tritium and Deuterium Separation” NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA IAEA PROGRAMES

19. ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOISOTOPE MEASUREMENTS. QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR RADIOISOTOPE LABORATORY QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR RADIOISOTOPE LABORATORY Environmental monitoring program in order to establish tritium baseline levels on and off Experimental Cryogenic Plant for Tritium and Deuterium Separation; Hydrodynamics study on the Danube – Black Sea Channel using tritiated wastewater from a nuclear power plant as a tracer; Natural sparkling water sources analysis based on tritium measurements; Participation to sixth IAEA intercomparison of low-level tritium measurements in water (TRIC2000). NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA IAEA PROGRAMES

20. Participation to Sixth IAEA Intercomparison of Low-level Tritium Measurements in Water TRIC2000 (Report IAEA, p. 22) NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA IAEA PROGRAMES

21. Future Trends – Radiocarbon LSC Analysis and Environmental Applications A new line sample preparation has been put on work and tests are going to be made in order to define this new analysis technique. NATIONAL R&D INSTITUTE FOR CRYOGENICS AND ISOTOPES TECHNOLOGIES ICIT RM. VALCEA IAEA PROGRAMES

22. Summarize ICIT develop research activities in nuclear field since 1970 ICIT develop research activities in nuclear field since 1970 Actual potential of ICIT can grow up based on experienced from national and international research programs Actual potential of ICIT can grow up based on experienced from national and international research programs ICIT want and has to be involved in EURATOM/JET research ICIT want and has to be involved in EURATOM/JET research ICIT is open to national and international cooperation ICIT is open to national and international cooperation