1. Professor Michael J. Losacco CIS 1110 – Using Computers Enterprise Computing Chapter 12

2. Chapter12 2/38 Overview Discuss Requirements of Enterprises Identify Functional Units of Enterprise List Systems Used in Functional Units Describe the Virtualization Describe Cloud & Grid Computing Discuss Backup & Disaster Recovery

3. Chapter12 3/38 Enterprise Large Organization Requires Special Solutions Due to Size Enterprise Computing Use of Computers in Networks Encompass Variety of: Operating Systems Protocols Network Architectures

4. Chapter12 4/38 Enterprise Computing Manage Large Amount of Information Over an Extensive Geographical Area Over Disparate Groups of People

5. Chapter12 5/38 Enterprise Information Business Intelligence Business Process Management Business Process Automation Focus on overall goals and objectives Access information necessary to perform job Deals with ongoing activities Applies specific programs and plans to meet stated objectives

6. Chapter12 6/38 Enterprise Organization Functional Unit Individual Operating Entity Can Include Departments & Divisions

7. Chapter12 7/38 Accounting & Finance Accounting Accounts Payable Accounts Receivable Order Entry Cost Accounting Financial Budgeting Forecasting Cash Management Investment Analysis

8. Chapter12 8/38 Human Resources (HR) HRIS Human Resources Information System Tracking Applicants Tracking Training Evaluations Payroll Benefits

9. Chapter12 9/38 Engineering CAD (Computer-aided Design) Produce Product Drafting / Design CAE (Computer-aided Engineering) Computerized Testing of Product Designs

10. Chapter12 10/38 Manufacturing CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) Computerized Production Equipment Robotics CIM (Computer-integrated Manufacturing) Operation of Process Sensing State Modifying Processes

11. Chapter12 11/38 Manufacturing MRP (Material Requirements Planning) Cost Estimates Inventory Control Bill of Materials Purchasing MRP II Scheduling Tracking Production Monitoring Product Quality

12. Chapter12 12/38 Marketing Determine Products or Services Interest of Customers Strategy Sales Business Development

13. Chapter12 13/38 Sales SFA (Sales Force Automation) Tools for Traveling Salespeople Sales Forecasting Management Sales Lead Management Account and Contact Management Quote & Proposal Generation Taking Orders

14. Chapter12 14/38 Distribution SCM (Supply Chain Management) Distribution Strategy Delivery Scheme Mode of Transportation Logistics Forecasting for Inventory Control JIT Track Shipping of Products Provide Information & Analysis on Inventory

15. Chapter12 15/38 Customer Service CIM (Customer Interaction Management) Help Desks Customer Service Centers Telephone Calls E-mail Web Interactions Instant Messaging Sessions

16. Chapter12 16/38 Information Technology Information Architecture Technology Strategy for Enterprise Hardware & Software Maintenance Build / Buy / Replace Systems Web Site Management

17. Chapter12 17/38 Information Technology General System Types (OIS) Office Information System Create Documents Send Messages Schedule Appointments Browse Web Transaction Processing Captures & Processes Data From Transactions

18. Chapter12 18/38 Information Technology General System Types MIS (Management Information Systems) Accurate, Timely, & Organized Information Supervise Activities Track Progress Reengineering Decision Support System Helps Users Analyze Data & Make Decisions

19. Chapter12 19/38 Information Technology General System Types Expert System Captures & Stores Knowledge of Experts Knowledge Base Subject Knowledge & Experiences of Experts Imitates Human Reasoning & Decision Making Inference Rules Logical Judgments Applied to Knowledge Base Artificial Intelligence Make Decisions in Real-life Situations

20. Chapter12 20/38 Information Technology General System Types Expert System Step 1. A user selects his or her gender Step 2. Select location on body where problem is being experienced Step 3. Select type of pain. Step 5. Review possible diagnosis. Step 4. Select other information about problem.

21. Chapter12 21/38 Information Technology Integrated Information Systems CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Manages Information About Customers Interactions With Customers Past Purchases Interests

22. Chapter12 22/38 Information Technology Integrated Information Systems ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) Coordinate Activities of Functional Units Integrates Planning & Logistics Purchasing Inventory Order Tracking Customer Service

23. Chapter12 23/38 Information Technology Integrated Information Systems CMS (Content Management System) Organizes & Allows Access to Documents Seamlessly Create Edit Review Publish

24. Chapter12 24/38 Technologies & Methodologies Portal Collection of Links, Content, & Services Presented on Web Page Guide Users To Information Likely to Need for Particular Job Function Data Warehouse Huge Database Analyze Historical & Current Transactions

25. Chapter12 25/38 Technologies & Methodologies Workflow Specific Set of Steps Complete a Business Process VPN (Virtual Private Network) Secure Connection to Company Network For Mobile Users, Vendors, & Customers

26. Chapter12 26/38 Technologies & Methodologies Virtualization Sharing or Pooling Computing Resources Server Create Many Virtual Servers From One Divided Physical Server Storage Create a Single Storage Device From Many Physical Storage Devices

27. Chapter12 27/38 Technologies & Methodologies Cloud Computing Services / Storage Provided over Internet AKA “Cloud" Large Groups of Networked Servers Use Low-cost Consumer PC Technology Grid Computing Combine Many Servers and / or PCs Act as One Large Computer Harness Unused Processing Cycles Solve Problems Too Intense For Any One Machine

28. Chapter12 28/38 E-Commerce Types Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Sale of Goods to General Public Business-to-Business (B2B) Business Sells to Other Businesses Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) Consumer Sells Directly to Another

29. Chapter12 29/38 Enterprise Hardware RAID Redundant Array of Independent Disks Group of Two or More Integrated Hard Disks More Reliable Mirroring Writes Data on Two Disks at Same Time Enhances Reliability Striping Splits Data Across Multiple Disks Improves Access Time

30. Chapter12 30/38 Enterprise Hardware NAS (Network Attached Storage) Storage for Users & Systems SAN (Storage Area Network) Storage for Other Servers

31. Chapter12 31/38 Enterprise Hardware Enterprise Storage System Strategy for Availability Protection Organization Backup

32. Chapter12 32/38 Enterprise Hardware Blade Server Complete Server on Single Card Saves Space Less Maintenance Uses Less Energy Generates Less Heat Easily Replace / Upgrade Blade Server Chassis Holds Many Blades

33. Chapter12 33/38 Enterprise Hardware Thin Client Small Terminal-like Computers Rely on Server for Storage & Processing

34. Chapter12 34/38 Enterprise Hardware High Availability System Uptime of at Least 99% Between 1-24 hrs Downtime in 2008 $3 Million Average Cost per Incident Hot-swapping Replace Component While System is Running Redundant Components Replaces Similar Component that Fails

35. Chapter12 35/38 Enterprise Hardware Scalability How Well System Grows to Meet Needs Interoperability Ability to Share Information With Other Systems Within Enterprise Open System Shares Information Easily

36. Chapter12 36/38 Backup Procedures Backup Copy of Data & Program Files

37. Chapter12 37/38 Backup Procedures CDP (Continuous Data Protection) Automatic Data Backup Whenever Data Changes in an Enterprise

38. Chapter12 38/38 Disaster Recovery Restore Operations After Disaster Emergency Plan Steps Taken Immediately After Disaster Backup Plan How Backup is Used to Resume Processing Recovery Plan Actions to Restore Full Processing Operations Test Plan Simulates Disasters & Tests Ability to Recover