1. Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Building Models and Building Modelling Research Presentation Theoretical Foundation Aalborg University – Associate prof. Kaj A. Jørgensen Aarhus School of Architecture – Associate prof. Jørn Skauge

2. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Introduction The ”Sorthøj-project” –Launch of research about building modelling –Support from ”Boligfonden Kuben” Research work performed – two research methodologies –Work on Sorthøj modelling – explorative research Modelling tools have been studied Modelling work has been carried out – problems, experiences, etc. Study of modelling methodologies –Work on the report – deductive research Identification and description of theoretical foundation Deduction of theories about building modelling –Primary building modelling activities –Building modelling framework Some consequences for building modelling in practice

3. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Presentation Outline Problems about building models and building modelling –Redundant data in building construction projects –Need for one united building model –Building modelling is more than 3D modelling Theoretical foundation for models –Generic model component attributes and internal structure –Modelling matrix –Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach Discussion

4. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Presentation Outline Problems about building models and building modelling –Redundant data in building construction projects –Need for one united building model –Building modelling is more than 3D modelling Theoretical foundation for models –Generic model component attributes and internal structure –Modelling matrix –Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach Discussion

5. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Problems about building models and building modelling Descriptions and drawings are primarily document based –Prepared by IT tools but printed and distributed Drawings are slowly moving from 2D to 3D –2D is more difficult to interpret than 3D Descriptions and drawings exist in multiple copies –Problems with data maintenance – all copies must be updated –Redundant data will often lead to inconsistency –Inconsistent data causes wrong decisions Databases have been the solution to these problems for 30 years –Redundancy handled by structuring information and data –Data represented according to a well prepared data model –Maintenance operations are supported by integrity constraints –Concurrency issues are handled by transaction management What is needed? –Building model represented as one united model – Model servers –Modelling tools and applications must work with model servers –No distribution of data – users select data when needed –Data is authorised according to work flow and extracted by end users

6. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Physical Building and Computer-Based Building Model

7. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Data Extractions and Presentation Forms Augmented reality Virtual reality Graphs Picture Lists Planned flight/tour Hierarchies Tables Scale model – 3D print Etc.

8. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Physical Building and Building Model Building and model have separate lives

9. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Building Modelling, Analysis and Simulation

10. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Data Exchange – Building Model Representation Data exchange based on file Data exchange through model server Data maintenance versus data extraction Building Model Represented as One United Model

11. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Presentation Outline Problems about building models and building modelling –Redundant data in building construction projects –Need for one united building model –Building modelling is more than 3D modelling Theoretical foundation for models –Generic model component attributes and internal structure –Modelling matrix –Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach Discussion

12. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Two Kinds of Models

13. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Abstraction Level versus Modelling Approach

14. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Space Concept: User Spaces + Construction Spaces User spaces and construction spaces are complementary to each other

15. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Generic Model Component Concepts to clarify: –Object –Object-orientation –Component –Building Information Model

16. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Component Type and Component Instances Component types –Primary content of information models –Identification - definition - specification –Attributes - name, data type, constraints –Relationship types reference types collection types can be defined by special attributes Components –Generated from types –Indefinite number of instances Structures –Based on relationship types –Access paths to objects

17. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Wall Object: Attributes and Relationships betw. Objects Objects represented in a data structure Relationships between objects

18. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Modelling Matrix Different modelling approaches

19. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Traditional Phases of 3D Building Modelling ProIT – Finland

20. Building Models and Building Modelling Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design Presentation Outline Problems about building models and building modelling –Redundant data in building construction projects –Need for one united building model –Building modelling is more than 3D modelling Theoretical foundation for models –Generic model component attributes and internal structure –Modelling matrix –Function/process driven or data driven modelling approach Discussion

21. Kaj Jørgensen, Aalborg University, Department of Production and Jørn Skauge, School of Architecture Aarhus, Department of Architectural Design The End