1. M2: Team Paradigm :: Final Presentation 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform Team Paradigm (Group M2): Tommy Taylor Brandon Hsiung Changshi Xiao Bongkwan Kim Project Manager: Yaping Zhan The Future

2. M2: Team Paradigm Team Paradigm

3. M2: Team Paradigm

4. The Future of Technology...

5. M2: Team Paradigm Strategic Applications :High-resolution Digital Television (HDTV) :MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 :JPEG images

6. M2: Team Paradigm :: The Concept Thinking Outside The Box We notice an exponential growth of profit!

7. M2: Team Paradigm ::What is the Product? :T.A.D.A system (Targeted Advertisement Digital Ad- board) :Taxicabs serve as mobile ad unit :Each cab equipped with a digital ad board :Ad board contains GPS transmitter, HDTV satellite receiver, solar panel/battery power Thinking out of the box

8. M2: Team Paradigm ::Extended Product Measures :Target Grid System (TGS) :Central HUB Center (CHUB Center) :Joint Venture with Lucent Technologies & Bell Laboratories Young Adults (Gen X) Educational Zone Cautious Spenders

9. M2: Team Paradigm ::Marketing

10. M2: Team Paradigm

11. Distribution

12. M2: Team Paradigm Risks and Contingencies :Lack of specialization in this area -Partnership with Lucent Technologies -Difficulty in entering a new market :: What are the benefits? :Expand company’s capabilities :Gain profit in a new market :Acquire new clients :Advantage over competitors

13. M2: Team Paradigm How does it work?

14. M2: Team Paradigm A = cos(  /4) B = cos(  /8) C = sin(  /8) D = cos(  /16) E = cos(3  /16) F = sin(3  /16) G = sin(  /16) A A B C -C -B A -A -A A C -B B -C x 0 + x 7 x 1 + x 6 x 2 + x 5 x 3 + x 4 X0X0 X2X2 X4X4 X6X6 =1/2 D E F G E -G -D -F F -D G E G -F E -D x 0 - x 7 x 1 - x 6 x 2 - x 5 x 3 - x 4 X1X1 X3X3 X5X5 X7X7 =1/2 Distributed algorithm of 1D DCT

15. M2: Team Paradigm In two’s complement representation: u i = -b ui B-1 +  j=1, B-1 2 -j b ui j Where, b ui j is the jth bit, b ui B-1 is the MSB, i.e. the sign bit X n =  j=1,B-1 2 -j D n (b j ) – D n (b B-1 ), where D n (b j ) = (  i=1,3 C i,n b ui j ) A A B C -C -B A -A -A A C -B B -C b 0 15 b 0 14 …b 0 0 b 1 15 b 1 14 …b 1 0 b 2 15 b 2 14 …b 2 0 b 3 15 b 3 14 …b 3 0 X0X0 X2X2 X4X4 X6X6 = For example, D 0 (b 14 ) = Ab 0 14 +Ab 1 14 +Ab 2 14 +Ab 3 14 Distributed algorithm of 1D DCT (cont...)

16. M2: Team Paradigm 1D DCT Simply repeat on rows to make 2D - Selector R0R7 R0 Bit Address Generator R0R7 Rom0Rom7 bit 1 1011 Structure of 1D DCT R5R6 S1 S0 Parallel to Serial Bit Address Generator R0R7 Rom0Rom7

17. M2: Team Paradigm Two 1D DCT can operate in pipeline to boost throughput performance, this requires RAM can be read and wrote at the same time and each 1D DCT module read/write the RAM in row and column order alternatively. 1D DCT (on rows) 1D DCT (on columns) Transpose RAM Data in Data out Control logic 2D DCT

18. M2: Team Paradigm Design Process

19. M2: Team Paradigm Transistor count and performance estimation : adderregisterROMControl logictotalpins 4x(15x34+12) =1500 18x16x20 =5762 8x16x21000~9k40 1DDCT module : 2DDCT = 2x1DDCT + SRAM ~ 24k throughputlatency 8 samples/64 cycle528 cycle Shift RegisterMuxesSRAM mux(44x20)+ ff(18x20)=1300 20006000

20. M2: Team Paradigm Design Process :Design Proposal :Architecture Proposal :Floorplan :Gate Level Design :Component Layout :Component Simulation :Component Layout :Chip Level Simulation :Final Design Corrections

21. M2: Team Paradigm

22. Da Breakdown :Key to our success was breaking down our components into individual large blocks -1D DCT -SRAM :Further we broke down the 1D DCT -easily connected -ease in simulating, lvs'ing, drc'ing

23. M2: Team Paradigm ::Mid-Buffer :Dimensions: - 82.9u X 87.4u :Metals: - M1, M2, M3 :Directionality: -Left to Right and Down

24. M2: Team Paradigm Accumulator and P to S

25. M2: Team Paradigm Inbuffer

26. M2: Team Paradigm Sram

27. M2: Team Paradigm Sram Control

28. M2: Team Paradigm Control

29. M2: Team Paradigm Floorplan

30. M2: Team Paradigm Old floorplan proposal Sub Add Control logic rom shift reg 16bit 1x8 demux 16bit 4x1 mux 16bit 4x1 mux reg 16bit 1x4 demux 4bit 16x1 mux Add rom Add 4bit 16x1 mux 16bit 1x4 demux 16bit 2x1 mux reg eg 600u 150u

31. M2: Team Paradigm Floor plan Proposal rom shift reg reg 4bit 16x1 mux Add rom shift reg Add 4bit 16x1 mux 16bit 4x1 mux reg Add reg Add 16bit 4x1 mux ctrl 500u 200u

32. M2: Team Paradigm Layout Proposal 1D DCT MUX 4x1 32' Sub Add DeMux 4x1 DeMux 4x1 Reg 8x16' R7 R0 R6 R1 R5 R2 R4 R1 Take bits 0- 15 Take bits 16- 32 Add Rom Shift Reg Control Logic approx. 220,000u 220u x 100u

33. M2: Team Paradigm 2D-DCT – Floorplan (new) 430u by 400u

34. M2: Team Paradigm Layout Size Proposal :Using a reference of an inverter -7u x 2.5u =14u total area -Contain 2 transistors :Our design has total of approx 24k -add space for wiring :Total area estimation of around 400,000u +100,000 :=500,000u

35. M2: Team Paradigm Verification

36. M2: Team Paradigm High level simulation (in C/C++) : three implementation of 1DDCT: 1.Based on definition 2.Based on fast algorithm 3.Based on distributed algorithm input Function 1 Function 2 Function 3 Matlab compare pass/fail

37. M2: Team Paradigm - Selector R0R7  We begin by inputting eight, sixteen bit values into individual registers  We use a selector to select the registers that will be added and subtracted  The R0 & R7 values are added and subtracted in parallel...So forth for R1 & R6...R2 & R5....R3 & R4  It will take 8 clock cycles to get all the data R7R0 Step 1:

38. M2: Team Paradigm Step 1 (Verilog) always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst) begin if(rst==0) begin count <= 0; end else begin if(in_clr==1) begin count <= 0; end else begin if(in_valid && ~out_full) begin buf[count] <= in_data; count <= count + 1; end end // always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst) always @ (posedge clk) begin if(in_read) begin out_data1 <= buf[in_addr]; out_data2 <= buf[7-in_addr]; end Write operation Read operation

39. M2: Team Paradigm Bit Address Generator  Store the results from the addition and subtraction into 8, 16' registers  Taking the first bit in each of the four registers (addition results and subtraction result) we use the value to allow the bit address generator to store it in the proper position in ROM R0R7 bit 1 1011 Rom0Rom7 Step 2

40. M2: Team Paradigm Step 2 (Verilog) always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst) begin if(rst==0) begin count <= 0; end else begin if(in_clr==1) begin count <= 0; end else begin if(in_read & ~out_full) begin buf[count] <= in_data; count <= count + 1; end always @ (in_bitpos) begin out_addr[3] <= buf[0][in_bitpos:in_bitpos]; out_addr[2] <= buf[1][in_bitpos:in_bitpos]; out_addr[1] <= buf[2][in_bitpos:in_bitpos]; out_addr[0] <= buf[3][in_bitpos:in_bitpos]; end Bit address generator Read operation

41. M2: Team Paradigm Rom0Rom7 R5R6 S1 S0 Parallel to Serial  From the ROM the data in the addresses are added, stored in a register then the result is shifted (multiplied by a factor of two...two's complement) Step 3

42. M2: Team Paradigm Step 3 (Verilog) always @ (posedge clk or negedge rst) begin if(rst==0) begin out_data <= 0; bit_pos <= 15; end else begin if(in_clr==1) begin out_data <= 0; bit_pos <= 15; end else begin if(~out_done) begin out_data <= out_data + in_data; bit_pos <= bit_pos - 1; end end // else: !if(in_clr==1) end

43. M2: Team Paradigm C Code Result

44. M2: Team Paradigm Verilog Verification - 189c, ef9c

45. M2: Team Paradigm Schematic Verification - 189c, ef9c

46. M2: Team Paradigm Layout

47. M2: Team Paradigm 1D-DCT Poly and Active M1

48. M2: Team Paradigm M2 M3 M4

49. M2: Team Paradigm 2D-DCT

50. M2: Team Paradigm LVS

51. M2: Team Paradigm 2D DCT dimension Original: 458*450 New: 458 x 439

52. M2: Team Paradigm Simulation strategy :Simulate 1D DCT :Only simulate using relevant SRAM cells -Simulating whole chip is inefficient -Simulating whole SRAM is unnecessary -Most thorough yet efficient method :This plan is consistent with that of the recommendations made by the class faculty

53. M2: Team Paradigm Specs

54. M2: Team Paradigm Conclusions

55. M2: Team Paradigm Yaping - Integrated Circuit Rapper :IC Records

56. M2: Team Paradigm Changshi - New Age Hippy Group

57. M2: Team Paradigm Tommy - Basketball and Beyonce

58. M2: Team Paradigm Brandon - The Next Hugh Hefner

59. M2: Team Paradigm Bong --> Asain Boy Band - H.O.T.

60. M2: Team Paradigm Now that the semester is over.... :We only have one thing to say..... Y e e e a a a a a a a h h h h h h h h h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !