1. Orthopedic Joint Replacement: Applications and Challenges Peter Ping Liu, Ph D, PE, CQE, OCP and CSIT Professor and Coordinator of Graduate Programs School of Technology Eastern Illinois University Charleston, IL 61920

2. An Example: Human Knee

3. Normal Knee With Healthy Articular Cartilage

4. Diseased Knee worn cartilage

5. Common Problems (Arthritis) Osteoarthritis (OA) Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Post-traumatic Arthritis

6. Consequences Pain Stiff joint Immobility

7. Total joint replacement normally is the last treatment option if everything else fails.

8. Typical Total Knee Replacement

9. Total Hip Joint Replacement

10. Shoulder Replacement

11. Elbow Replacement

12. Challenges: Possible Complications of Surgery Problems with anesthesia Cardiovascular problems including heart attack Vascular problems including thrombus Bronchopulmonary problems including emboli Genitourinary problems Gastrointestinal problems.

13. Challenges: Joint Replacement Surgery Bleeding problems Blood clots in the legs and/or lungs Wound healing problems Damage to nerves and blood vessels Limb length discrepancy Bone erosion or abnormal bone formation Dislocation Infection Pain Bone fracture or non-union Component loosening

14. Challenges: Patients Physical therapy Moderate exercise Care of the joints

15. Challenges: Materials and Engineering Compatible with human body. Support the load. No significant facture or fatigue. Low friction. Minimum wear and particle generation.

16. Thanks.