1. April 18, 2007 Waste-to-Energy: A Possibility for Puerto Rico

2. 2) Why is WTE Controversial? 3) Public Involvement 1) Overview Agenda

3. Puerto Rico - 1420 lbs. of Garbage per Person per Year US Produces - 1642 lbs. 40,000 Tons of Waste  1 Acre of Land Lost Puerto Rico has 32 Open Landfills Only 5 are EPA Compliant Existing Waste Management Plan is Inadequate Puerto Rico - 1420 lbs. of Garbage per Person per Year US Produces - 1642 lbs. 40,000 Tons of Waste  1 Acre of Land Lost Puerto Rico has 32 Open Landfills Only 5 are EPA Compliant Existing Waste Management Plan is Inadequate 1. Overview: What is the Problem?

4. Reduces the Volume of Waste by 90% Waste-to-Energy (WTE): The Combustion of Trash to Generate Electricity Renewable Electricity to Grid Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Residual Ash Renewable Electricity to Grid Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Residual Ash Potential Revenue Streams: 1. Overview: Meet Waste-to-Energy

5. 1. Overview: How Does WTE Work? refuse pit combustion chamber boiler refuse feed hopper steam drives turbine ash conveyors turbine ash hauled to landfill power to grid pollution control devices Source: IWSA

6. 1. Overview: WTE Worldwide Source: WTE CBLL Net

7. 1. Overview: WTE Worldwide

8. Japan Taiwan Ireland Canary Islands Bermuda Hawaii Islands with WTE:

9. Economic and Financing Considerations Compatibility with Recycling Environmental and Public Health Risks 2. Why is WTE Controversial?

10. 2. Why is WTE Controversial?: Environmental and Public Health Risks Harmful Emissions (Dioxins, NO x, Mercury) Pollution Control Devices What are the Perceived Public Health and Environmental Risks with WTE? How Does Technology Mitigate These Risks?

11. 2. Why is WTE Controversial?: Landfills vs. WTE Source: EPA LandfillsWTE Tipping Fee$35-55$45-65 PollutantsMethane, LeachateDioxins, NO x, Mercury CH 4 is 21x More Potent than CO 2 Does Not Include Environmental Effects Pollutes Drinking Water

12. 2. Why is WTE Controversial?: Landfills vs. WTE Source: EPA LandfillsWTE Tipping Fee$35-55$45-65 PollutantsMethane, LeachateDioxins, NO x, Mercury Dioxin Emissions in the U.S. (2002) MSW Incineration12 Coal-Fired Utilities60 Residential Wood Burning 62 Diesel trucks35 0.22% of U.S. Emissions 2% of U.S.Emissions Dioxin Emissions in the U.S. Decreased from 8,887 TEQ in 1987 to 12 TEQ in 2002

13. 2. Why is WTE Controversial?: Economic and Financial Considerations Annual Revenue $71 Million Annual Operations & Maintenance -$30 Million Net Gain $41 Million Can Be Used to Repay Construction Debt Annual Revenue $71 Million Annual Operations & Maintenance -$30 Million Net Gain $41 Million Can Be Used to Repay Construction Debt Can We Afford to Build a WTE Plant? Will the Facility Be Cost-Effective? Can We Afford to Build a WTE Plant? Will the Facility Be Cost-Effective?

14. Removal of Metals and Recyclables Increases WTE Efficiency U.S. Cities with WTE Have Higher Recycling Rates Removal of Metals and Recyclables Increases WTE Efficiency U.S. Cities with WTE Have Higher Recycling Rates 2. Why is WTE Controversial?: Recycling Compatibility Do Investments in WTE Stymie Recycling Efforts?

15. 3. Public Involvement: Getting the Public Onboard Listen to the Public Involve Stakeholders Establish Dialogue Early Reporting Hotline Citizen Advisory Council Public Meetings/ Hearings Offer Incentives Financial Benefits Air & Water Testing

16. WTE Provides a Viable Alternative to Current Practices WTE Provides a Viable Alternative to Current Practices Puerto Rico Has a Waste Management Problem Puerto Rico Has a Waste Management Problem Closing Thoughts EnvironmentalPublicFinancial

17. Questions: WTE Team: Michael Carim, Whitney Blake, Alex Amerman, Billy Gridley, Nina Kishore, Monica Kurpiewski, Sung Ah Lee, Safet Marke, Adam Raphaely, Allison Reilly Advisor: Dr. Steve Cohen