1. Cover some representative examples Start with neurulation

9. 3 hr 7 hr 15 hr

10. 17 hr 19 hr 23 hr

11. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kceCuKDz7IA&NR=1

15. Primary neurulation

16. Secondary neurulation

18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qisrNX3QjUg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ddg2IznSuYE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dXpAbezdOho&feature=related

20. Chick vs. Frog

21. Figure 12.5(1) Neurulation in the Human Embryo

22. Figure 12.9 Early Human Brain Development

24. Figure 12.5(2) Neurulation in the Human Embryo

36. The six pituitary cell types of Rathke's pouch are the: Corticotropes, which produce proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cleave it into adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) needed for glucocorticoid synthesis in the adrenal gland Melanotropes, which produce POMC, but cleave it into melanocyte-stimulating hormone-α (for pigment formation, feeding regulation) Somatotropes, which produce growth hormone (for cell proliferation) Lactotropes, which make prolactin (for milk production, uterine contractions) Gonadotropes, which synthesize lutenizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone (for gonad growth and development)

41. Lens induction: Signals the Lens Experiences

43. Terms (definitions) for Establishment of cells and tissues (here use lens cells as an example) Competence, wherein cells can become lens precursors if they are exposed to the appropriate combination of signals. Specification, wherein cells have received the appropriate signals to become lens precursors, but progression along the pathway to lens can still be repressed by other signals. Commmitment (determination), wherein lens precursors have entered a differentiation pathway, and will become lens even in the presence of inhibitory signals. Differentiation, wherein the lens cells leave the mitotic cycle and express those genes characteristic of their cell type.

47. Go to Meso

50. Present the following after ENDO

51. Figure 1.6 Fate Maps of Different Vertebrate Classes at the Early Gastrula Stage

53. Cover some representative examples Two critical inductions: Formation of the primary organizer Action of the primary organizer

58. Neurulation is induced(By the ‘primary organizer’)

59. -1. The primary organizer induces neurulation and axis formation -2. The primary organizer itself arises from a previous induction

60. -1. The primary organizer induces neurulation and axis formation -The dorsal lip of the blastopore contains the primary organizer

63. Figure 10.21(1) Organization of a Secondary Axis by Dorsal Blastopore Lip Tissue -1. The primary organizer induces neurulation and axis formation

64. Figure 10.21(1) Organization of a Secondary Axis by Dorsal Blastopore Lip Tissue -1. The primary organizer induces neurulation and axis formation

66. Amphibian

67. Source of primary organizer shown on fate map -1. The primary organizer induces neurulation and axis formation

68. -The primary organizer induces neurulation and axis formation -The primary organizer itself arises from a previous induction

69. OR... where does the ‘primary organizer’ come from? -The primary organizer itself arises from a previous induction

70. Contains the Nieuwkoop center Experiment at the 32-cell stage

71. -The primary organizer itself arises from a previous induction The primary organizer is induced by the Nieuwkoop center (a tissue with an endodermal fate)

72. The primary organizer arises due to an induction from the Nieuwkoop center How does the Nieuwkoop center arise?

73. The primary organizer arises due to an induction from the Nieuwkoop center How does the Nieuwkoop center arise?

74. The primary organizer arises due to an induction from the Nieuwkoop center How does the Nieuwkoop center arise?

75. The primary organizer arises due to an induction from the Nieuwkoop center How does the Nieuwkoop center arise?

76. The primary organizer arises due to an induction from the Nieuwkoop center How does the Nieuwkoop center arise?

84. Figure 11.20(1) Induction of a New Embryo by Transplantation of Hensen’s Node THE ORGANIZER IS IN THE HENSEN’S NODE

85. Mammal

86. Figure 11.7 Convergence and Extension in the Zebrafish Gastrula Zebrafish

87. Figure 11.8 The Embryonic Shield as Organizer in the Fish Embryo Zebrafish

88. Figure 1.6 Fate Maps of Different Vertebrate Classes at the Early Gastrula Stage All have homologous organizers