1. Medical Ethics Dr. Raid Jastania

2. Right and Wrong

3. Morality Values Principles and Concepts Right and Wrong Ethics

4. Aim and Benefit of Ethics Understand the Boundaries Be Good Enough

5. Example: Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines and Recommendations Standards of Practice

6. Be Good Enough What is expected from me? What is appropriate to do? What is inappropriate to do? Watch my Behavior! Why do I do what I do! Evaluate, Assess, Analyze….

7. How did we reach where we are? Belief Values Principles Concepts Assumptions Directions Behavior Pressure: cultural, society, political, educational….

8. So What should We Do?

9. Think, think, and think….! Watch our Behavior….! Evaluate, Assess….! Why do we do this!! Consider Right and Wrong concept….! Consider change and Improvement….! In short: “Be Good Enough”!

10. OK….., HOW?!

11. A Suggestion for a Start! Medical Ethics

12. Medical Ethics Field of applied ethics, the study of moral, values and judgments as they apply to medicine.

13. Medical Ethics: History Ishaq Rahawi wrote (Conduct of Physician) the first book written in medical ethics Alrazi Jewish thinkers: Thomas Aquinas…. 18 th, 19 th century: self-conscious discourse Thomas Percival 1847: The American Medical Association adopted the first Code of Ethics.

14. Medical Ethics: History 20 th century: Liberal Prostant, Joseph Fletcher.. 1960, 1970: Liberal theory, Procedural justice. Bioethics Influence: Review Boards, Evaluate experiments, Ethics Committees….

15. Hippocratic Oath

16. Values in Medical Ethics Autonomy: the patient has the right to refuse or choose their treatment. Beneficence: a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient. Non-maleficence: First, Do no harm. Justice: who gets what treatment (fairness and equality). Dignity: the patient has the right to dignity. Truthfulness and honesty: eg. Informed consent.

17. Values in Medical Ethics الحرية عمل الأفضل منع الضرر العدل الكرامة الصدق

18. That’s Easy!

19. Values give a useful framework for understanding conflicts. When values are in conflict, the result may be ethical dilemma.

20. Let’s Think

21. Autonomy vs Paternalism

22. Beneficence Is treating always beneficial? Autonomy vs Beneficence

23. Non-Maleficence Do no harm. Understand risk and benefits. Double effect Informed consent

24. Confidentiality Can we break confidentiality?

25. Conflict of Interest Referring patients to tests and receiving benefits Drug companies Treating Family members Sexual relation with patients and relative of patients

26. The Take Home Message

27. Take Home Message Think, think, and think….! Watch our Behavior….! Evaluate, Assess….! Why do we do this!! Consider Right and Wrong concept….! Consider change and Improvement….! In short: “Be Good Enough”!