1. A country in peril: domestic and global energy demand & threat to the environment Fabby Tumiwa Institute for Essential Services Reform Indonesia

2. Indonesia (de)Forest(ation) Sumber: SDSU & Dephut- MODIS Images, 2007 Forest Cover: 162 mil ha (1950)  94 mil (2003) Destructive Forest: 42 mil ha (2003) People live in forest: 48 mil Deforestation and forest degradation rate: 1.1-2.6 mil ha/ year

3. What is the causes? Population: 97 mil (1961), 215 mil (2003) Infrastructure development Land use change: agriculture, plantation, mining Land clearing Illegal logging

4. Coal Resources

5. Coal Production Target Coal production target: – 2010: 240 - 260 million ton – 2015: 280 - 300 million ton – 2020: 320 - 350 million ton – 2025: 370 million ton Driver: – Domestic demand growth: 9,17 mil ton/yr Domestic demand in 2020: 170 mil ton Domestic demand in 2025: 220 mil ton – International demand growth: 3,8 mil ton/yr

6. Coal Production and Consumption Source: APBI-ICMA

7. Coal reserves and production 1000 Mt World production 2006: 5,356 Mt (hard coal) 967 Mt (lignite) Source: WEC 2007/BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 Analysis LBST 2007 Lignite Reserves Subbituminous Coal Reserves Bituminous Coal Reserves depletion rate: 2.5% p.yr. 1000 Mt Hard coal production Reserves Production

8. Agrofuel 70% of the oil palm plantations were planted on land that formally fell within Indonesia’s forest estate between 1982 and 1999. This totaled close to 2.2 million ha of forest land fragmentation of high conservation value forests (HCVF) loss of forest ecological functions and socioeconomic benefits for local people.

9. Demand for Agrofuels Increased global demand for palm oil to be used for bio-fuels EU (European Union) target of 5.75% of energy from renewable sources by 2012 US (United States) administration has pledged to increase the use of renewable fuels from 7.5 billion gallons in 2012 to 35 billion gallons in 2017 Government of Indonesia has promoted a plan to use oil palm based biodiesel to reduce dependency on fossil fuels by 10% for 2010 and 25% by 2025

10. Change in mega plan (1.8 million ha new plantation) at the border of Kalimantan (Heart of Borneo eco- region) Mega Oil Palm Project

11. Conclusion Indonesia environment is in peril due to increasing fossil and agrofuel demand from domestic and the world, which is unsustainable. This pattern must be changed, driver of ecological destruction must be addressed both in domestic and international level. World Energy Demand Scenario (Reff) Source: IEA WEO 2008