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Ethnic Conflict Introduction.

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Presentation on theme: "Ethnic Conflict Introduction."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ethnic Conflict Introduction

2 Ethnic Conflict Conflict between ethnic groups Ethnic groups
Share common sense of identity, culture, common history Exists as a subgroup in a larger society or nation Sources of ethnic group identification History, social status, race, religion Symbols, myths, memories Nation Culturally homogeneous groups of people, larger than a single tribe or community, which share a common language, institutions, religion, and historical experience

3 Why do groups fight over “small differences”?

4 Structural causes Disintegration of empires
Quest for self determination Security dilemma

5 Case Study: Yugoslavia

6 Croatia Declares independence 1991
Recognized as independent by UN in 1992 Ethnic war between Croat and Serbs Ethnic cleansing Population: 1996: Croat 78%, Serb 12%, other 10% 2001: Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% % Source: CIA Factbook

7 Bosnia-Herzegovina Declared independence in 1992
Resistance from ethnic Serbs, War between Serbs, Bosnians, Croats Dayton Agreement 1995 International peacekeepers Office of High Representatives Entities: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska

8 Role of Leadership Extreme groups Insecure, autocratic leadership
Manipulation of symbols, ideology, history

9 Kosovo Province in Serbia
Ethnic composition: 88% Albanian, 6% Serbs, 3% Muslim Slav, 2% Roma Kosovo Liberation Army guerrilla war 1998 Milosevic sends troops to Serbian population NATO air strikes Milosevic looses power 2000, 2001 in Hague Kosovo: UN protectorate Albanians dominate parliament Spring 2004 unrest in Serb territories 4000 Serbs fled

10 The Role of Democracy? Representation of ethnic groups’ interests
Strengthen ethnic groups moderates Ideological moderation?

11 Macedonia: qualified success?
Declares independence 1991 Greece objects FYR Macedonia Ethnic groups: Macedonian 64%, Albanian 25%, other 11% Democratic, multi-ethnic government 2001 – ethnic conflict broke out lead by Albanian radical group linked to KLA Governments invites peacekeeping troop: NATO and UN Conflict minimized

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