1. The Happy Marriage of Geographic Information Systems and Information Visualization Ben Shneiderman ben@cs.umd.edu Founding Director (1983-2000), Human-Computer Interaction Lab Professor, Department of Computer Science Member, Institutes for Advanced Computer Studies & Systems Research University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742

2. Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education (www.cs.umd.edu/hcil)

3. Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly) Specify users and tasks Predict and measure time to learn speed of performance rate of human errors human retention over time Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) Accommodate individual differences Consider social, organizational & cultural context

4. Design Issues Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration & communities Manuals, tutorials, training www.awl.com/DTUI

5. U.S. Library of Congress Scholars, Journalists, Citizens Teachers, Students

6. Visible Human Explorer (NLM) Doctors Surgeons Researchers Students

7. NASA Environmental Data Scientists Farmers Land planners Students

8. Bureau of the Census Economists, Policy makers, Journalists Teachers, Students

9. NSF Digital Government Initiative Find what you need Understand what you Find www.ils.unc.edu/govstat/ Census, NCHS, BLS, EIA, NASS, SSA

10. International Children’s Digital Libary www.icdlbooks.org

11. Zooming User Interfaces www.cs.umd.edu/jazz www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/datelens

12. ZUI: Pocket PhotoMesa www.windsorinterfaces.com

13. PhotoMesa www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/photomesa

14. South Africa’s Fire Early Warning System Direct Broadcast Receiving Station Satellite Application Centre (SAC) South Africa Advanced Fire Information System (AFIS) wamis.co.za University of Maryland Web Fire Mapper maps.geog.umd.edu Rapid Response System SMS/Text messages ESKOM Disaster Management Unit Weather Service Forest Department E-mail Alerts End users Diane Davies & Suresh Kumar, UMD - GEOG

15. MODIS Image Fire Archive Distance Calculator Identify layer attributes Print maps Scale Pan and Zoom Overview Maps Slimmed down for dialup Advanced Fire Information System (AFIS)

16. Information Visualization The eye… the window of the soul, is the principal means by which the central sense can most completely and abundantly appreciate the infinite works of nature. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519)

17. Using Vision to Think Visual bandwidth is enormous Human perceptual skills are remarkable Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... Color, size, shape, proximity... Human image storage is fast and vast Opportunities Spatial layouts & coordination Information visualization Scientific visualization & simulation Telepresence & augmented reality Virtual environments

18. Information Visualization: Definition Compact graphical presentation AND user interface for manipulating large numbers of items (10 2 - 10 6 ), possibly extracted from far larger datasets. Enables users to make discoveries, decisions, or explanations about patterns (trend, cluster, gap, outlier...), groups of items, or individual items.

19. Information Visualization: US Research Centers Xerox PARC 3-D cone trees, perspective wall, spiral calendar table lens, hyperbolic trees, document lens Univ. of Maryland dynamic queries, range sliders, starfields, treemaps, timeboxes, zoombars tight coupling, dynamic pruning, lifelines IBM, Microsoft, AT&T Georgia Tech, MIT Media Lab, CMU Univ. of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Calif-Berkeley Pacific Northwest National Labs

21. Highway Incidents on Baltimore Beltway (Fredikson, Plaisant, North & Shneiderman, 1999)

22. Large Shared Displays

23. Information Visualization: Design Guidelines Direct manipulation strategies Visual presentation of query components Visual presentation of results Rapid, incremental and reversible actions Selection by pointing (not typing) Immediate and continuous feedback Reduces errors Encourages exploration

27. www.mayaviz.com

28. www.ilog.com Visualization Toolkits

29. Information Visualization: Mantra Overview, zoom & filter, details-on-demand

30. Information Visualization: Data Types 1-D Linear Document Lens, SeeSoft, Info Mural, Value Bars 2-D Map GIS, ArcView, PageMaker, Medical imagery 3-D World CAD, Medical, Molecules, Architecture Multi-Dim Parallel Coordinates, Spotfire, XGobi, Visage, Influence Explorer, TableLens, DEVise Temporal Perspective Wall, LifeLines, Lifestreams, Project Managers, DataSpiral Tree Cone/Cam/Hyperbolic, TreeBrowser, Treemap Network Netmap, netViz, SeeNet, Butterfly, Multi-trees (Online Library of Information Visualization Environments) otal.umd.edu/Olive

31. Interactive Maps

32. Dan Carr, Susan Peirson, Statistical Computing & Statistical Graphics Newsletter (Dec. 96) Micromaps

33. Ymap: Dynamic Queries on Maps

34. DataMap: (Qing Li and Chris North) Virginia Tech

35. Dynamic Choropleth Maps - DCMaps William Smith (EPA) http://www.turboperl.com/dcmaps.html

36. http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/dg-qg/feature_old2.htm Conditioned Choropleth Maps

37. GeoVista www.geovistastudio.psu.edu (Gahegan & MacEachren)

38. CommonGIS www.commongis.com (Andrienko, G. and N.)

39. Treemap: view large trees with node values + Space filling + Space limited + Color coding + Size coding - Requires learning (Shneiderman, ACM Trans. on Graphics, 1992) TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap3 (Windows, UMd, 2001)

40. Treemap: Stock market, clustered by industry

41. www.hivegroup.com Treemap: Newsmap

42. www.hivegroup.com Treemap: Product catalogs

43. Treemap: Daily Production Reports 691 wells grouped by Asset team. Size = barrels of oil produced per day Color = “lost” oil (difference between actual and expected)

44. PairTrees: Treemap and Choropleth Map US Death rates by disease and state (Mockup)

45. Hierarchical Clustering Explorer www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/hce/

46. Information Visualization: Tasks Overview Gain an overview of the entire collection Zoom Zoom in on items of interest Filter Filter out uninteresting items Details-on-demand Select an item or group and get details when needed Relate View relationships among items History Keep a history of actions to support undo, replay, and progressive refinement Extract Allow extraction of sub-collections and of the query parameters

47. Challenges: GIS & InfoViz Dealing with large volume of data Also problem of missing data, uncertainty Combining visual with textual representations Collaborative exploration Environments for publishing results, sharing knowledge Large shared displays Integrating with data mining Specialized toolkits and development tools Addressing Universal Usability Evaluation: Empirical studies, observations, case studies

48. AudioMap: Sonification Motivation: improve vision-impaired users’ access to geo-referenced statistical data Approach: interactive sonification Tie spatial sound to areas to create a virtual map Data-to-sound mapping: Piano pitch -> value. Interactions for auditory information seeking Gist (overview): spatial sweeping Navigation: state-by-state exploration Details-on-demand: name & value spoken on request Pilot user study (9 sighted users) Controlled study (48 sighted users) Participant observation (2 blind users)

49. Challenges: Make a Better World Science & Medicine E-Commerce & Finance Digital Government Agriculture & Environment Transportation & Housing

50. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Inspirational Muse For the New Computing MIT Press, 2003

51. www.cs.umd.edu/hcil

52. Upcoming Events July 2005 9 th International Conference on Information Visualisation - London www.graphicslink.demon.co.uk/IV05/ January 17-18, 2005 SPIE Visual Data Analysis Symposium San Jose, CA www.infovis.org January 27-29, 2005 Asia Pacific Symposium on Information Visualization Sydney, Australia www.cs.usyd.edu.au/~visual/apvis/

53. For More Information Visit the HCIL website for 350 papers & info on videos www.cs.umd.edu/hcil Conferences & resources: www.infovis.org See Chapter 14 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B. and Plaisant, C., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Fourth Edition (April 2004) www.awl.com/DTUI Edited Collections: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B. (1999) Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think Bederson, B. and Shneiderman, B. (2003) The Craft of Information Visualization: Readings and Reflections

54. For More Information Treemaps HiveGroup: www.hivegroup.com Smartmoney: www.smartmoney.com/marketmap HCIL Treemap 4.1: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap Spotfire: www.spotfire.com TimeSearcher: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/timesearcher Hierarchical Clustering Explorer: www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/hce