1. Cap stone Session Summary and comments

2. Challenges and problems Detailed modeling of the Physics Needed to develop optimized concept High temporal and spatial resolution required May be separable from the controlled phenomena Validation is required Experiments that resolve the appropriate phenomenon and scale Heuristic models based on experimental results Valuable for guiding applications Scaling Up to large scale – vehicle flow control, combustion and engine performance, large scale materials fabrication Down to micro scale – micro turbines, Control, control, control Environment Complex shapes

3. Flow Control Dielectric barrier discharges Opportunities to control extend well beyond low speed flows Thick dielectrics and high voltage Pulse generation of micro shocks – nsec discharges Use of natural instabilities Off body energy addition Steering and drag reduction now seem plausible with laser guided microwave New concepts Plasma array phase controlled mirror for adaptive optics Plasma sensors (replace hot wires, etc.)

4. Energy Lean flammability limit Nanosecond pulses for radical formation Microwave coupling to flames Improved plasma spark plug Fuel reformation Micro scale combustion Low temperature chemistry Why do we do combustion the way we do it? Run engines at 600 K or below Get rid of the carburetor Plasma controlled chemistry Control the energy in selected modes of species

5. Materials Plasma surface processing TiO2 implantation in asphalt Food decontamination and processing Nanoscale crystal fabrication Semiconducting materials Two photon luminescence Carbon nanotubes Surface layer fabrication Use of plasmas to precondition gas phase molecules Use of plasmas to enhance surface atom mobility Scaling up Four lane highway Vehicle decontamination Rust treatment New Plasma fabricated materials- multifunctional materials Direct write plasma methods Localized

6. Comments DARPA comments There are two scenarios at DARPA Short term – the benefit must be compelling to buy onto an existing system Long term – game changing technologies Long term possibilities – need for innovation and out of the box thinking UAV opportunities - the field has not gelled – lots of concepts to be developed –Small scale (below the predator) –High efficiency propulsion –Energy storage Energy –Micro scale heat transfer –Low temperature chemistry – get rid of the combustor –Use of single fuel (JP-8) –Replace batteries – carrying and changing are liabilities for combat Materials –Suppress rusting (big issue for the Navy) Other comments New plasma based sensor technologies Micro plasmas for small scale devices.