1. Primary Productivity Jason Broshear Katherine Echement Zach Moning Leo Sack

2. Photosynthesis

5. Respiration

6. Carbon Cycle Sink Amount in Billions of Metric Tons Atmosphere578-766 Soil organic matter1500 to 1600 Ocean38,000 to 40,000 Marine sediments and sedimentary rocks66,000,000 to 100,000,000 Terrestrial plants540 to 610 Fossil fuel deposits4000

10. Greenhouse Effect

11. Primary Productivity

13. Phytoplankton

14. Single-celled plants Photosynthesis Lots of them – about half of plant biomass on the planet

15. Phytoplankton – nutrient influence

16. Biological Pump

17. Phytoplankton Distribution Where is the most phytoplankton productivity?

18. Arctic and Southern Oceans In high latitudes, most nutrients rarely used up Limiting factor: dissolved iron “Fertilize” these regions with iron, more productivity Solution to global climate change??

19. Problems with Iron Fertilization Zooplankton grazing also a limiting factor Much added iron “lost” – affects on other ecosystems? Limited effect on CO 2 – most recycled in water, not sinking Not economically feasible solution

21. Boreal Forest: Background The northern boreal ecoregion accounts for about one third of this planet's total forest area. Is considered one of the largest carbon sinks. Most dominant tree species are conifers which are well-adapted to the harsh climate, and thin, acidic soils. There are innumerable water bodies: bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, mixed in among the forest and holding a vast amount of water. Fire is a crucial disturbance factor in the boreal ecoregion because it facilitates the destruction of old, diseased trees along with the pests that are associated with those trees. Some trees such as aspen and jackpine actually require fires to stimulate their reproductive cycles. Furthermore, the nutrient-rich ash left behind helps fuel plant growth.

24. Grasslands: Background Tropical grasslands (Savannas) and temperate Savannas have wet and dry seasons - heavy rain and seasonal fires Grasses are dominant, trees and large shrubs mostly absent Large and small mammals, reptiles, birds, etc.

25. Grasslands

26. Net Primary Productivity of Different Biomes

28. Nitrogen Cycle

29. Phosphorus Cycle