2. Byzantine Empire 6 th Century

3. Emperor Justinian, r. 527-565 CE Mosaic from the church of St. Vitale, Ravenna, Italy

4. Hagia Sophie, Istanbul c. 530 CE

5. The Crusades

6. Four Bronze Horses of St. Mark’s Basilica, Venice Pilfered from Constantinople in 1204

7. Saints Cyril and Methodius c. 850 The Cyrillic Alphabet

8. Hagia Sophia in Kiev, c. 1040 Saint Basil’s in Moscow, c. 1560

9. Baptism of Vladimir of Kiev, 989 from a 19 th century painting

10. Mongol Expansion 1206-1259

11. Travels of Marco Polo (1271-95) Kublai Khan, 1271-1294

13. Tamerlane's empire about 1405 C.E.

14. Russian Expansion 1450-1905 Ivan III and Ivan IV, Grand Princes of Muscovy

15. The Great Schism, 1054

18. Baptism of the Frankish King Clovis, 496 CE

19. Frankish King Charlemagne as Roman Emperor c. 800 CE

20. Frankish Kingdom under Charlemagne

21. Charlemagne’s Palace Chapel at Aachen

23. Viking Expansion c. 800-1000 CE

24. Oseberg Viking Longship c. 820

25. William the Conqueror of Normandy invades England, 1066

28. The Investiture Controversy 1076-77 Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VI

29. Holy Roman Empire c. 1789

30. The States of Italy, c. 1450

31. The Reconquista

32. Those who fight Those who work Those who pray

33. Improvements in Medieval Agriculture Three-field system Padded horse collar and horse shoe Heavy wheeled mouldboard plow

34. The Manorial System and Three-field Crop Rotation

35. The scratch plow of the ancient Mediterranean world

36. Padded horse collar Heavy wheeled mouldboard plow of the Northern Europe

37. The walled medieval town: Carcassonne

38. Florence: Urban Revival in the High Middle Ages

39. Trade in Northern Europe: The Hanseatic League c. 1400

40. Jan van Eyck, Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife, 1434

41. St. Francis of Assisi 1182-1226