1. Culture as a Normal Distribution2 4 6 8 1 l U S C u t r e
Norms and Values

2. Culture as a Normal DistributionF r e n c h C u l t u r e 1 2 1 8 6 4 2
Norms and Values

3. A model of culture
Explicit
Culture
Implicit
Culture

4. About Culture - Human Relationships - Time - Nature
Is a dynamic process of solving human problems/dilemmas in the areas of
- Human Relationships
- Time
- Nature

5. 01/ The Car Accident What happens to your friend?

6. 01/ What Right has Your Friend?
A. My friend has a definite right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.
B. He has some right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.
C. He has no right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.

7. Universalism普遍主義　　対 Particularism個別主義 Individualism vs Communitarianism Neutral versus Affective Specific versus Diffuse Achievement versus Ascription Sequential versus Synchronic Internal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

8. 01/ Universalism vs Particularism 普遍主義 対 個別主義
Consistency
Systems, standards & rules,
Uniform procedures
Demand clarity
Flexibility
Pragmatic,
Make exceptions
“It depends”
At ease with ambiguity

9. 01/ Universalismー普遍主義 Friend has no/some right and would not help%

10. 01/ Dilemma Reconciliation ジレンマの調和
Copyright or Right to Copy ?

11. 01/ Dilemma Reconciliation
01/ Dilemma Reconciliation
12-APR 1996 CIBS AMSTELVEEN TEL
TO CIBS(The Center for International Business Studies
April 12, 1996
ATTN: Dr Fons Trompenaars
RE: The Letter of Appreciation
Dear Dr Trompenaars;
I am very sorry for sending this letter of appreciation to you late
We are very pleased to let you know that your book, ‘Riding the Waves of Culture’ has been successfully translated in Korean and it gives us big help for developing our Group’s Globalization.
It is our great honor and thank you for letting us have an opportunity to use your masterpiece.
Sincerely yours
Mr. Kim Cheung
Executive Director
GLOBAL MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE

12. 01/ Dilemma ReconciliationU P
British Publisher = Universal Copyright
Korean Organization = Particular Relationship

13. Particular relationship with organization
01/ Clashing Values
Universal Copyright
Particular relationship with organization

14. Particular relationship with organization
01/ Clashing Values
Universal Copyright U P
Particular relationship with organization

15. Particular relationship with organization
01/ Clashing Values
(1,10)
Universal Copyright
Sue them and lose money
No reconciliation
Particular relationship with organization

16. Particular relationship with organization
01/ Clashing Values
Universal Copyright
No reconciliation
Thank them for stealing! X
(10,1)
Particular relationship with organization

17. Particular relationship with organization
01/ Clashing Values
Universal Copyright
(5,5)
Split the difference
And irritate both
Particular relationship with organization

18. 02/ Individualism 個人主義 versus Communitarianism 共同体主義
a) One said: ‘It is obvious that if one has as much freedom as possible and the maximum opportunity to develop oneself, the quality of one’s life would improve as a result.’
b) Another said: ‘If the individual is continuously taking care of his or her fellows then the quality of life for us all will improve, even if it obstructs individual freedom and individual development.’

19. 02/ Individualism 個人主義の度合い Percentage opting for Individual Freedom%

20. 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team
Stimulate
Team
Co-operation
Reward Individual performance

21. 02/ Dilemma Reconciliation The Individual and the Team
Individual Motivation
(1,10) Me, Myself and Withholding Information
Team Motivation

22. 02/ Co-Opetition The Individual and the Team
Individual Motivation
Team Mediocrity
Team Motivation

23. 02/ Co-Opetition The Individual and the Team
Individual Motivation
(5,5) Go for the Small team
Team Motivation

24. 02/ Co-Opetition The Individual and the Team
(10,10)
Reward Teams for Individual Creativity AND Reward Individuals for Team Work
Individual Motivation
Team Motivation

25. 01/ Co-Opetition 協争 1. Mass-Customization 2. Co-Opetition
3. It is Cool to be Emotional
4. Moments of Truth
5. Practice what you Preach
6. Just In Time Synchronizing
Sequences
7. Pushing through the Pull

26. Universalism versus Particularism Individualism vs Communitarianism Neutral　感情中立主義 　対 Affective　感情表出主義 Specific versus Diffuse Achievement versus Ascription Sequential versus Synchronic Internal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

27. 03/ Neutral 感情中立型 対 Affective 感情表出型
In my society, it is considered unprofessional to express emotions overtly.
Please select your position on the statement above:
a) Strongly agree
b) Agree
c) Be undecided
d) Disagree
e) Strongly disagree

28. 03/ 感情中立型の度合い Percentage not expressing emotions overtly%

29. Universalism versus Particularism Individualism vs Communitarianism Neutral versus Affective Specific　関与特定型 　対 Diffuse　関与融合型　 Achievement versus Ascription Sequential versus Synchronic Internal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

30. 04/ Specific 関与特定型 versus Diffuse 関与融合型
Public
Private

31. 04/ Specific 関与特定型 versus Diffuse 関与融合型
Public
Public
Specific Relationship

32. 04/ Specific 関与特定型 versus Diffuse 関与融合型
Public
Private

33. 04/ Specific 関与特定型 versus Diffuse 関与融合型
No Relationship

34. 04/ Specific 関与特定型 versus Diffuse 関与融合型
Private
Private
Diffuse Relationship

35. 04/ Encounter Specific and Diffuse 関与特定型と関与融合型の衝突
Public
Private
Private
Danger Zone

36. 04/ Specificity 関与特定型 A boss asking to paint his house
04/ Specificity　関与特定型 A boss asking to paint his house
The colleague argues:
You don’t have to paint the house if you don’t feel like it.He is your boss in the company. Outside the company, he has little authority
The subordinate argues:
Despite the fact that I don’t feel like it, I will paint the house anyway. He is my boss and you cannot ignore it outside your work either. 1

37. 04/ Specificity 関与特定型の度合い Would not paint the house%

38. Universalism versus Particularism Individualism vs Communitarianism Neutral versus Affective Specific versus Diffuse Achievement 実績主義　対　 Ascription　属性主義 Sequential versus Synchronic Internal versus External Control 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

39. 05/ Achievement 実績主義 対 Ascription 属性主義
What You Do
Who You Are
STATUS ?

40. 05/ Achievement vs Ascription
Family
Age
Sex
Education

41. 05/ Achievement vs Ascription
‘The most important thing in life is to act as really suits you, even if you don’t get things done’

42. 05/ Achievement 実績主義の度合い Percentage not agreeing with acting as really suits you%

43. 06/ Time Orientation 時間傾向
Think of the past, present and future as being in the shape of circles. Please draw three circles representing past, present and future. Arrange these circles in any way you want that best shows how you feel about the relationship of the past, present and the future. You may use different size circles.

44. 06/ Time Orientation 時間軸 Past, Present and Future
USA
FRA UK
ICE
SPA
JPN

45. 07/ Internal vs External Control
a. What happens to me is my own doing.
b. Sometimes I feel that I do not have enough control over the direction my life is taking.

46. 07/ 内的コントロール型 What happens to me is my own doing%