1. Corn Based Ethanol By David Acselrod 4/12/07

2. Overview Process History Viable Source of Energy Emissions Conclusion

3. Process Cultivation of Corn Fermentation Distillation (95% Water Free) Dehydration (99.9% Water Free) Denaturing

4. History Used as Fuel Since 1908 Gasoline Found to be Cheaper (debatable) Used as Knock Suppressive 1920s,1930s Lead Found to be Cheaper (debatable) 1973 Oil Embargo Renews Interests Energy Tax Act of 1978, Reformations Accounts Presently for 3% of US Fuel Use

5. Viable Source of Energy Net Energy Value (NEV) Inputs –-Farm Energy –-Corn Transport –-Ethanol Conversion –-Distribution –+Coproducts (primarily animal feed) Output –+Combustible Fuel (HHV≈84,000Btu/gal)

6. Farm Energy Expended

7. Energy Balance Before Coproducts

8. Various Energy Balance Calculations

9. Pimentel’s Calculations Corn Yields Date from pre 1992 Values for Energy to Create Fertilizer Come from 1990 Worldwide Values Value for Energy Needed to Convert Corn to Ethanol (within plant) date pre 1980 Assumes all Corn is Irrigated (only 16% is) Low Energy Credits for Co-products

10. Yield of Corn with Time

11. Corn Yield per lb of Fertilizer

12. Energy Use of Ethanol Plants

13. Emissions EPA Concludes that E-85 Reduces GHG Emissions by 20-25%

14. Conclusion Viable Source of Energy Helps to Reduce GHGs Helps to Reduce Dependency on Foreign Oil